Individual internet usage and the availability of online content of local interest: A multilevel approach

This paper illustrates whether the availability of online content of local interest affects the likelihood of individuals to connect to the internet and spend more time online. While the literature demonstrates a number of factors which push or enable individuals to spend more time online, we know little about the conditions that pull or attract individuals online. Although we know that individuals use the internet to access information, we do not know whether such attraction forces are relevant at the local scale too. Gaining a better understanding of how such mechanisms work at the local scale can assist our efforts to bridge digital divides, which tend to be geographically clustered. To explore this we utilise innovative data, which contain all the archived webpages under the UK top level domain name (.uk) and we calculate the volume of internet content of local interest at the neighbourhood level using the geolocation information included in the text of these webpages. Specifically, we calculate the radius of gyration for every archived website using the different postcodes included in the archived webpages and then we create an aggregated measure at the neighbourhood level discounting websites that have less of a local focus. We merge this measure of Local Internet Content (LIC) with a large population survey, which contains information about the frequency of internet usage in the UK and estimate the effect of LIC on the likelihood of an individual being a frequent internet user. Multilevel models are employed to utilise both individual and geographical level characteristics. Our results indicate that even after controlling for the individual and geographical characteristics, which according to previous studies affect internet usage, the availability of internet content of local interest still attracts individuals online.     

A knowledge-based archive multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm to optimize series–parallel system with choice of redundancy strategies

Redundancy allocation problem (RAP) is one of the best-developed problems in reliability engineering studies. This problem follows to optimize the reliability of a system containing s sub-systems under different constraints, including cost, weight, and volume restrictions using redundant components for each sub-system. Various solving methodologies have been used to optimize this problem, including exact, heuristic, and meta-heuristic algorithms. In this paper, an efficient multi-objective meta-heuristic algorithm based on simulated annealing (SA) is developed to solve multi-objective RAP (MORAP). This algorithm is knowledge-based archive multi-objective simulated annealing (KBAMOSA). KBAMOSA applies a memory matrix to reinforce the neighborhood structure to achieve better quality solutions. The results analysis and comparisons demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm for solving MORAP.     

WinCC用户归档在压合机组配方中的研究

通过利用WinCC UserArChive选件和其中的内部控制函数,解决了实际工程中配方系统的数据交换问题。通过编写C Script脚本语言并使用WinCC的标准函数,使配方的"上传"与"下载"功能得以更加灵活的使用,并使其具有系统所期望的功能。由该方法制作的配方系统已在实际工程中取得了良好效果,可以推广和移植到其他行业的配方系统中。     

关于城市地下管线档案管理的几点设想

城市地下管线是城市的"生命线",而建立全面、准确的地下管线工程档案对城市规划和建设、城市改造和维护、抗震防灾、保障人民生活提供了重要依据。本文通过分析我市地下管线档案的现状,探索完善我市地下管线档案管理工作。     

档案管理在当代企业中的重要性及地位探讨

当前,国家经济发展迅猛,企业信息资源呈现出多样性,企业档案管理也随之发挥着重要的作用,企业档案管理的规范性、有序性,正变得越来越重要。档案管理,是企业健康发展道路上必不可少的一个环节,也很大程度上维护着企业的核心利益。可以预见,档案管理在企业今后的发展中将起着不可替代的作用。本文首先简要回顾了档案管理的起源和发展,随后对档案管理在企业管理工作中的重要性进行了详细探讨,最后,就如何提高档案管理在企业中的地位,提出了一些建议。     

Contributors

Abstract

The Emancipation Proclamation of 1862 marked more than the ostensible freeing of slaves in the United States; it also marked the beginning of a transmigration of black people that would forever alter the culture of the country. Many ex-slaves moved north or stayed in the South; others (far fewer in number) decided to test the American dream of success in the West that stretched from the Mississippi River to California and from Canada to Mexico.     

‘Photo‐Inflation’: Image Profusion in German Photography, 1925–1945

This article examines ways in which the question of image profusion occupied photography circles in interwar Germany, analysing in particular decisions to reject, glorify, or tame photography's evident abundance. While art photography around 1900 sought to legitimate its standing through rarity, during the late 1920s the New Objectivity and New Vision movements instead trumpeted quantity as the basis of their aesthetic claims. Their success quickly prompted a wave of criticism summed up by the term ‘photo‐inflation’: a deregulated ‘wastefulness’ in imagery that threatened in the longer run man's very critical and perceptual faculties. In the wake of this articulation of threat, work in series became one possible way to domesticate image profusion, to accept its inevitability while giving it a framework. Pushing further, the creation of archives, especially in collective undertakings, seemed to regulate the problem. Defended first by the left as a means to overcome capitalist structures of competition, this discourse of collective effort was soon co‐opted by the National Socialists. In the process, a rhetoric of common effort became reconciled with an emphasis on elites and hierarchical formations – for example, in juried competitions or expert advice columns – in which ‘great photographers’ were made into ‘guides’ for the limitless mass of amateurs.     

Differential evolution with guiding archive for global numerical optimization

Differential evolution (DE) is a simple, yet efficient, population-based global evolutionary algorithm. DE may suffer from stagnation. This study presents a DE framework with guiding archive (GAR-DE) to help DE escape from the situation of stagnation. The proposed framework constructs a guiding archive and executes stagnation detection at each iteration. Guiding archive is composed of a certain number of relatively high-quality solutions. These solutions are collected in terms of fitness as well as diversity. If a stagnated individual is detected, the proposed framework selects a solution from guiding archive to replace the base vector in mutation operator. In this way, more promising solutions are provided to guide the evolution and effectively help DE escape from the situation of stagnation. The proposed framework is applied to six original DE algorithms, as well as two advanced DE variants. Experimental results on 28 benchmark functions and 8 real-world application problems show that the proposed framework can enhance the performance of most DE algorithms studied.     

Half supervised coefficient regularization for regression learning with unbounded sampling

In this study, we investigate the consistency of half supervised coefficient regularization learning with indefinite kernels. In our setting, the hypothesis space and learning algorithms are based on two different groups of input data which are drawn i.i.d. according to an unknown probability measure ρ _X . The only conditions imposed on the kernel function are the continuity and boundedness instead of a Mercer kernel and the output data are not asked to be bounded uniformly. By a mild assumption of unbounded output data and a refined integral operator technique, the generalization error is decomposed into hypothesis error, sample error and approximation error. By estimating these three parts, we deduce satisfactory learning rates with proper choice of the regularization parameter.     

数码照片档案的老化研究

随着社会的进步,形成的数码照片档案日益增多,同时,它发生着变黄、褪色等老化现象也越来越严重,这主要是受周围的保管环境和制成材料的作用导致的。因此,我们必须对它进行数据维护和日常维护,以保证它的耐久性。