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1.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(23):33106-33119
K9 optical glass is one of the typical components in optical systems. However, because of its poor fracture resistance, it is difficult to polish it with ultra-precision and high-efficiency and without any surface damage simultaneously. The emergence of the obliquely axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing (UVAP) method can solve this problem which encounters in polishing efficiency and shape accuracy. However, due to the unclear material removal profile (MRP) mechanism, obliquely axial UVAP is not widely used in the processing field. This paper introduces the obliquely axial UVAP method in research processes, mainly focusing on the fixed point MRP analysis of the obliquely axial UVAP. Based on Hertz's contact theory, polishing pressure, the length of the semi-long axis (LLA) and the length of the semi-short axis (LSA) of the contact area are calculated under ultrasonic vibration conditions. Meanwhile, the relative linear velocity distribution of the oblique polishing tool in the instantaneous contact area is modeled by mathematical geometry method. A novel model of the MRP distribution for obliquely axial UVAP is proposed following the Preston equation. Subsequently, a series of polishing experiments were carried out to verify this model. The results show that the numerical model has good agreement with the experimental results on MRP, LLA, LSA, material removal depth and material removal rate (MRR). In addition, the material removal capability can be significantly improved by larger ultrasonic amplitude and larger oblique angle. This model not only more clearly elucidates the processing mechanism of obliquely axial UVAP, but also provides theoretical support for the polishing of free-form optical lenses.  相似文献   
2.
针对激光聚变冲击波速度测量的需求,设计了一种集被动式扫描高温计和主动式冲击波速度测量于一体的复合冲击波速度测量系统。通过采用多种耐辐射光学玻璃材料,实现了共用光路的400~700 nm耐辐射消色差设计;通过采用自动控制干涉仪简化了系统操作;主动测速系统通过切换不同焦距的中继成像镜头,实现了不同放大倍率的切换。系统的物方视场为φ2.0 mm,主动式测速系统的放大倍率为10×,20×,30×,静态实验干涉条纹平直,调制度达到0.69以上,物方分辨率达到4.72μm。该系统在激光聚变装置上能够实现冲击波速度的动态测量。  相似文献   
3.
当FTSC薄板坯连铸机生产拉速提高到4~6 m/min时,浸入式水口通钢量增加,结晶器内流场扰动加剧,卷渣率提高,对生产顺行及铸坯质量都将产生重大影响。因此,为了解结晶器液面流场,根据实际生产情况,制作了1∶1的结晶器水物理模型,并通过Fluent软件对结晶器液面流场进行了数值模拟,研究了水口浸入深度及拉速对液面流场的影响。结果表明,在水模型物理试验中,水口浸入深度恒定为130 mm时,拉速在4~6 m/min范围内,结晶器表面流速随着拉速的提高而增大,其最大值范围为0.401~0.693 m/s;在6 m/min恒定拉速下,水口浸入深度在130~190 mm范围内,结晶器表面流速随着水口浸入深度的增加而减小,其最大值范围为0.503~0.690 m/s。在数值模拟中,水口浸入深度恒定为130 mm时,拉速在4~6 m/min范围内,结晶器表面流速随着拉速的提高而增大,其最大值范围为0.50~0.75 m/s;在6 m/min恒定拉速下,水口浸入深度在130~190 mm范围内,结晶器表面流速随着水口深入深度的增加而减小,其最大值范围为0.65~0.75 m/s。结晶器表面流速随着距水口中心距离的增大有先增加后减小的规律。  相似文献   
4.
This paper focuses on the design of a 2.3–21 GHz Distributed Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) with low noise figure (NF), high gain (S21), and high linearity (IIP3) for broadband applications. This distributed amplifier (DA) includes S/C/X/Ku/K-band, which makes it very suitable for heterodyne receivers. The proposed DA uses a 0.18 μm GaAs pHEMT process (OMMIC ED02AH) in cascade architecture with lines adaptation and equalization of phase velocity techniques, to absorb their parasitic capacitances into the gate and drain transmission lines in order to achieve wide bandwidth and to enhance gain and linearity. The proposed broadband DA achieved an excellent gain in the flatness of 13.5 ± 0.2 dB, a low noise figure of 3.44 ± 1.12 dB, and a small group delay variation of ±19.721 ps over the range of 2.3–21 GHz. The input and output reflection coefficients S11 and S22 are less than −10 dB. The input compression point (P1dB) and input third-order intercept point (IIP3) are −1.5 dBm and 11.5 dBm, respectively at 13 GHz. The dissipated power is 282 mW and the core layout size is 2.2 × 0.8 mm2.  相似文献   
5.
TTI介质弹性波相速度可以通过求解Christoffel方程得到,其精确式往往比较复杂,难以运用。为此,从Thomsen各向异性参数表征的TTI介质弹性波精确三维相速度表达式出发,利用近似配方法推导了TTI介质qP波和qSV波三维相速度的近似公式;将其代入Berryman的群速度表征中,得到了qP波和qSV波群速度的近似公式。理论分析和数值计算表明,基于近似配方法的相、群速度表达式在一定范围内与精确值吻合较好,能够适用于中强各向异性情况,且Thomsen参数εδ越接近,其精度越高;沿TTI介质对称轴方向和垂直对称轴方向的速度误差最小,而与对称轴呈45°方向误差相对较大;在相同各向异性强度下,qP波相、群速度误差一般要小于qSV波。  相似文献   
6.
裂纹群对隧道围岩的动力学特性影响机制复杂程度远大于单裂纹缺陷。为了研究裂纹群对隧道围岩破坏行为的影响机制,采用PMMA制备含倒U型孔洞裂纹模型试样模拟含裂纹缺陷围岩工况,利用落锤冲击试验机进行动态加载,分析遭受冲击载荷作用下裂纹群在围岩内的损伤演化规律,随后采用有限差分法软件进行数值分析,对比论证试验结果的科学性,及分析在冲击载荷作用下裂纹群对围岩应力状态的影响,结果表明:(1)裂纹群对裂纹的扩展速度有显著地促进作用,多裂纹试件的裂纹扩展速度是单裂纹试件的1.277倍,且多裂纹试件的裂纹起裂时间明显缩短;(2)相对于单裂纹缺陷试件而言,多裂纹试件的动态断裂韧度明显降低,为单裂纹的58.72%;(3)多裂纹试件内I/II复合裂纹的起裂明显易于纯I型裂纹,且动态断裂韧度与II型动态应力强度因子有很大关系。  相似文献   
7.
It is well known that drag reduction properties of polymer solutions in pipe flows are classified into two categories, based on the relationship between the friction factor and the Reynolds number. The degree of drag reduction either increases with an increase in the Reynolds number or is independent of the Reynolds number. In the latter case, the drag reduction behavior is referred to as type B behavior. In this study, the pressure losses of aqueous suspensions of biofibers and graphene oxide flat particles in pipe flows were measured to clarify the effect of the shape of suspended fine solid matter on the friction factor. The experimental results demonstrated that the behavior of the friction factor corresponded with the type B behavior of drag reduction. The mean velocity profile in the range of the turbulent flow was also estimated from the friction factor data.  相似文献   
8.
为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。  相似文献   
9.
The combustion characteristics of ammonia/methanol mixtures were investigated numerically in this study. Methanol has a dramatic promotive effect on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of ammonia. Three mechanisms from literature and another four self-developed mechanisms constructed in this study were evaluated using the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures from Wang et al. (Combust.Flame. 2021). Generally, none of the selected mechanisms can precisely predict the measured laminar burning velocities at all conditions. Aiming to develop a simplified and reliable mechanism for ammonia/methanol mixtures, the constructed mechanism utilized NUI Galway mechanism (Combust.Flame. 2016) as methanol sub-mechanism and the Otomo mechanism (Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy. 2018) as ammonia sub-mechanism was optimized and reduced. The reduced mechanism entitled ‘DNO-NH3’, can accurately reproduce the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures under all conditions. A reaction path analysis of the ammonia/methanol mixtures based on the DNO-NH3 mechanism shows that methanol is not directly involved in ammonia oxidation, instead, the produced methyl radicals from methanol oxidization contribute to the dehydrogenation of ammonia. Besides, NOx emission analysis demonstrates that 60% methanol addition results in the highest NOx emissions. The most important reactions dominating the NOx consumption and production are identified in this study.  相似文献   
10.
The principle aim of this article is to detect the effects of externally applied magnetic force in the nanofluid flow, flowing between two co-axially rotating and expanding disks where the upper disk is continuously moving vertically upward and downward. Also, the modified Hall Effect has been considered as an effective factor of the flow. The lower disk is vertically static. The rotation and vertical motion of the disks create a three-dimensional flow of nanofluid. Heat and mass density along with the motion of the flow has been analyzed under the variation in magnetic and Hall parameters. The findings have been compared with the results in Von Karman flow of nanofluid between two rotating and stretching disks. The velocity components have been largely influenced by magnetic and Hall parameters in case of downward movement of the upper disk. The fluid temperature is detected higher in case of upward velocity and lower in case of the downward motion of the upper disk. The heat transferability of the disks is effected differently at two different disks with the influence of magnetic force and Hall effect.  相似文献   
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