Thiol-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks as Thermal History Indictor for Temperature and Time History Monitoring

Various products, including foods and pharmaceuticals, are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Thus, temperature monitoring during production, transportation, and storage is critical. Facile indicators are required to monitor temperature conditions via color changes in real time. This study aimed to prepare and apply thiol-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a novel indicator for monitoring thermal history and temperature abuse. The COFs underwent obvious color changes from bright yellow to purple after exposure to different temperatures for varying durations. The reaction kinetics are analyzed under isothermal conditions, which reveal that the order of reaction rates is k_−20°C < k_4°C < k_20°C < k_35°C < k_55°C. The activation energy (E_a) of the COFs is calculated using the Arrhenius equation as 50.71 kJ moL⁻¹. The COFs are capable of sensitive color changes and offer a broad temperature tracking range, thereby demonstrating their application potential for the monitoring of temperature and time exposure history during production, transportation, and storage. This excellent performance thermal history indicator also shows promise for expanding the application field of COFs.     

Graduate Student Literature Review: Considerations for nutritional grouping in dairy farms

Each cow in a group has different nutritional requirements even if the group is formed by cows of similar age, number of lactations, and lactation stage. Common dairy farm management setup does not support formulating a diet that accurately matches individual nutritional requirements for each cow; therefore, a proportion of cows in the group will be overfed and another proportion underfed. Overfeeding and underfeeding cows increases the risk of metabolic diseases, decreases milk production, and increases nutrient waste. Consequently, profitability of dairy farms and the environment are negatively affected. Nutritional grouping is a management strategy that aims to allocate lactating cows homogeneously according to their nutritional requirements. Groups of cows with more uniform nutritional requirements facilitates the formulation of more accurate diets for the group. Current availability of large data streams on dairy farms facilitates the design of algorithms to implement nutritional grouping. Our review summarizes important factors to consider when grouping cows, describes nutritional grouping approaches, and summarizes benefits of implementing nutritional grouping in dairy farms.     

Long-term performance analysis of chemical filters in clean rooms based on a prediction model

Chemical filters are the most important devices for removing gas-phase pollutants in clean rooms. However, the testing concentration of chemical filters is too high for reflecting their performance in a real clean room environment. This study tested the adsorption performance of chemical filters in the two most commonly used shapes at different concentrations. Then, the Langmuir equation and Wheeler-Jonas kinetic equation were combined to establish an adsorption performance prediction model of chemical filters under actual conditions. The predicted values of the model were in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicated the high accuracy of the prediction model. The model does not need to test the microscopic parameters of the adsorbent and can maintain high accuracy at low concentrations. A fast method for calculating the service life of chemical filters was also presented. Based on this model, the total cost of using a chemical filter with a high carbon content in microelectronic clean rooms could be decreased by 45% due to decreasing the number of filter replacements over 3 months. So a chemical filter with a high carbon content should be preferred over a filter with low resistance in microelectronic clean rooms.     

Informative and corrective responsive packaging: Advances in farm-to-fork monitoring and remediation of food quality and safety

Microbial growth and fluctuations in environmental conditions have been shown to cause microbial contamination and deterioration of food. Thus, it is paramount to develop reliable strategies to effectively prevent the sale and consumption of contaminated or spoiled food. Responsive packaging systems are designed to react to specific stimuli in the food or environment, such as microorganisms or temperature, then implement an informational or corrective response. Informative responsive packaging is aimed at continuously monitoring the changes in food or environmental conditions and conveys this information to the users in real time. Meanwhile, packaging systems with the capacity to control contamination or deterioration are also of great interest. Encouragingly, corrective responsive packaging attempting to mitigate the adverse effects of condition fluctuations on food has been investigated. This packaging exerts its effects through the triggered release of active agents by environmental stimuli. In this review, informative and corrective responsive packaging is conceptualized clearly and concisely. The mechanism and characteristics of each type of packaging are discussed in depth. This review also summarized the latest research progress of responsive packaging and objectively appraised their advantages. Evidently, the mechanism through which packaging systems respond to microbial contamination and associated environmental factors was also highlighted. Moreover, risk concerns, related legislation, and consumer perspective in the application of responsive packaging are discussed as well. Broadly, this comprehensive review covering the latest information on responsive packaging aims to provide a timely reference for scientific research and offer guidance for presenting their applications in food industry.     

迁钢210 t钢包全程加盖工艺及实践

迁钢二炼钢厂自投入使用210 t钢包全程加盖技术及工艺后，取得了显著效果，平均出钢温度降低10 ℃，钢包热周转使用率长期保持在85%以上，取消了钢包在线烘烤，降低了煤气消耗，有效地保证了钢包洁净度，提高了钢包包衬寿命。实践生产运行表明，炼钢生产中钢包全程加盖工艺是一项节能、环保、降耗的先进技术，为迁钢二炼钢厂取得了显著的经济效益。但在一段时间内，该工艺运行稳定性较差，通过现场生产数据归纳分析，从中找出了影响钢包加、揭盖的因素，并制定了控制措施；同时，岗位要掌握其操作要点及主要设备，才能提高运行稳定性。     

无烟煤制工业燃气项目原料煤价与经济性的关系分析

针对我国建材行业传统使用的常压固定床煤气发生炉及化肥行业固定床间歇气化炉面临淘汰,无烟煤市场萎缩的情况,提出以晋城无烟煤为原料,利用赛鼎碎煤加压气化技术,生产适合建材行业大规模使用的工业燃气。以无烟煤为原料的河北沙河年产26亿m^3工业清洁燃气项目为基础,对无烟煤与天然气价格、项目经济性的关系进行了分析,结果表明,以晋城无烟块煤运到河北沙河的到厂价935元/t计算,盈亏平衡天然气价约2.26元/m^3;以沙河工业天然气到户售价2.5元/m^3计算,盈亏平衡到厂煤价约1 077元/t,项目经济性较好。     

丁香酚和三卡因甲磺酸盐在大口黑鲈中代谢残留的比较

为了确定大口黑鲈成鱼适合的麻醉方式和麻醉剂量,研究了不同浓度的丁香酚和MS-222对大口黑鲈的静水麻醉效果。在最适麻醉质量浓度下模拟运输24 h,记录24 h存活率并测定麻醉0.5、4、8、16和24 h后的血清生化指标、水质p H、氨氮以及麻醉剂的残留量。结果表明:随着丁香酚和MS-222浓度增加,入麻时间缩短,复苏时间延长;丁香酚和MS-222的最适质量浓度分别为18~20 mg/L、50~60 mg/L时,两麻醉组模拟运输和复苏24 h后的成活率为100%,显著高于无麻醉运输组的80%和90%(p<0.05);随着麻醉时间延长,丁香酚和MS-222组血清中的皮质醇(COR)分别从336.83pg/m L下降到291.41pg/m L,从286.11上升到367.05pg/m L(p<0.05),丁香酚组血清中的COR显著低于对照组;葡萄糖分别从14.36、7.48 mg/dL下降到7.36、3.11 mg/dL(p<0.05),而丁香酚组中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、尿素氮(BUN)的浓度显著低于MS-222组(p<0.05);残留检测结果表明在麻醉0.5h时,鱼肉中丁香酚含量达到最大值5.14mg/kg,在清水中复苏1d时丁香酚残留量为0.45mg/kg;而MS-222组在8 h残留量达到最大值为36.24 mg/kg,复苏4 d时基本消除完全。结果显示,丁香酚剂量小,代谢快,在诱发氧化应激和组织损伤时有较少的副作用。     

Innovations and productivity: the shift during the 2008 crisis

This paper investigates how the recent crisis of 2008 changed relations between innovation and firm performance in Western Europe. We apply a structural framework of CDM modelling, which incorporates different stages of the knowledge creation process and takes into account the complex nature of innovations. The study is based on a balanced panel data of 420 listed manufacturing firms from the U.K., Germany and France. All the information is gathered from common sources, thereby reducing subjectivity, a typical problem in the field. We found, the crisis resulted in appreciable changes in the model. The most important evidence is enhancement of the role of firm resources in the post-recession period. We also reveal larger barriers for innovations, increased uncertainty and lower state dependence in R&D engagement, product creation and economic performance. These results could indicate the ‘cleaning effect’ of the crisis, which has worsened the business environment and enhanced competition.     

金属矿产资源经济重要性评估

金属矿产资源是工业发展之基，生产之要，是关系国民经济全局的重要矿产资源。其作为原材料处在整个生产链的前端，输入不同的经济部门，形成最终产品，进而通过消费支撑经济发展。那么，在这一过程中，金属矿产资源发挥的效用以及评估金属矿产资源对经济的重要程度是一个重要的工作。本文独立于矿种市场规模的大小、价格的高低，采用价值增值链的方法，根据金属矿产资源的最终用途以及它们所流动部门的增加值来评估其对经济的重要性，同时，将资源替代纳入经济重要性的计算。计算结果表明：2016年我国“三稀”金属矿产资源对经济重要性排序较为靠前，在前八位中占据了五位，分别为：锗、锆、铟、铍、稀土；其次是有色金属，锑、锡、钴、铜等均相对靠前；之后为贵金属中的银和铂族；黑色金属排序相对较为靠后。     

端帮靠帮开采与搭桥内排相结合开采技术的应用

为了增加煤炭采出资源量和缩短内排土场运输距离,达到降低生产剥采比、提高经济效益和煤炭资源回收率的目的,根据河曲露天矿的开采条件,特提出端帮靠帮开采和工作帮与内排土场之间搭桥的开拓运输形式相结合的方法,主要研究不同搭桥高度产生的经济效益与靠帮开采产生的经济效益之和的对比,研究结果表明:在满足《露天矿设计规范》的前提下,靠帮开采将大幅提高经济效益,同时通过中间合适高度搭桥从技术上保证了运输系统的连贯性,验证了开采技术的有效性。