价值网络语境下企业设计价值创新路径研究

目的 在新的视角下，提出一种价值创新路径模型，对设计驱动型企业的价值实现方式进行有效补充。方法 通过文献研究，论述了企业关系由价值链到价值网转变的历史趋势;通过比较研究，对价值实现过程中主客体之间的4种关系进行了类比分析，提出了不同主客体关系状态下设计实践的具体表现方式。结果 在价值网络语境下，以价值论为理论依据，从主客体之间的关系入手，构建设计价值创新路径模型。结论 通过分析证明:“主客体统一状态”是企业价值创造的理想状态;主客体关系一直处于动态的变化过程中;客体对主体的“意义”也一直处于动态变化中。在这种动态变化的关系网络中，设计驱动方式已经成为企业创新的重要模式，企业如何捕获并诠释“意义”，成为价值实现的关键所在。     

快速近似计算Shapley值的归因解释方法

Shapley值归因解释方法虽然能更准确量化解释结果, 但过高的计算复杂度严重影响了该方法的实用性. 本文引入KD树重新整理待解释模型的预测数据, 通过在KD树上插入虚节点, 使之满足TreeSHAP算法的使用条件, 在此基础上提出了KDSHAP方法. 该方法解除了TreeSHAP算法仅能解释树结构模型的限制, 将该算法计算Shapley值的高效性放宽到对所有的黑盒模型的解释中, 同时保证了计算准确度. 通过实验对比分析, KDSHAP方法的可靠性, 以及在解释高维输入模型时的适用性.     

珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系高自然伽马砂岩形成机制及油气地质意义

运用放射性元素寻找油气是一种非常规油气勘探手段。近年来,在珠江口盆地珠一坳陷富烃凹陷周边古近系钻遇高自然伽马(GR)砂岩,其GR值(100~300 API)甚至大于同区泥岩的GR值(100~200 API)。为了弄清该特殊现象背后的地质意义,对珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系高自然伽马砂岩开展了铀(U)、钍(Th)、钾(K)等3种元素含量与GR值的相关趋势线分析,从井震特征、岩性特征及矿物成分特征等入手分析了砂岩GR值增高的主要原因及成因机制,探讨了放射性元素聚集的条件、运移通道、驱动力以及油气意义。结果表明:西江、惠州地区由U含量增高导致砂岩GR值偏高,恩平、番禺地区由K,Th含量增高导致砂岩GR值偏高;砂岩GR值增高有两大成因机制,一是地下流体带来的放射性元素离子U4+在氧化-还原面处富集后导致地层GR值偏高,这种特殊现象说明在具有连通基底大断裂旁的圈闭中,U4+的富集指示了曾经油气的存在,证实了研究区油气运移通道的有效性,对于油气藏的预测有着非常重要的指导性意义,二是地表流体带来的含放射性元素的矿物大量沉积后导致地层GR值偏高,含放射性元素矿物性质不稳定,可指示近源供给的存在,对于判断物源及沉积环境有着非常重要的意义。该研究成果为预测研究区油气成藏有利区带提供了依据。     

Multidirectional focus measure for accurate three-dimensional shape recovery of microscopic objects

Shape from focus (SFF) is a technique to recover the shape of an object from multiple images taken at various focus settings. Most of conventional SFF techniques compute focus value of a pixel by applying one of focus measure operators on neighboring pixels on the same image frame. However, in the optics with limited depth of field, neighboring pixels of an image have different degree of focus for curved objects, thus the computed focus value does not reflect the accurate focus level of the pixel. Ideally, an accurate focus value of a pixel needs to be measured from the neighboring pixels lying on tangential plane of the pixel in image space. In this article, a tangential plane on each pixel location (i, j) in image sensor is searched by selecting one of five candidate planes based on the assumption that the maximum variance of focus values along the optical axis is achieved from the neighborhood lying on tangential plane of the pixel (i, j). Then, a focus measure operator is applied on neighboring pixels lying on the searched plane. The experimental results on both the synthetic and real microscopic objects show the proposed method produces more accurate three-dimensional shape in comparison to conventional SFF method that applies focus measures on original image planes.     

Effect of the modified high methoxyl pectin on the stability of the fermented milk beverage

Stability of milk drinks could be improved by adding high methoxyl pectin. In this work, effect of the modified high methoxyl pectin (MHMP) on the fermented milk beverage (FMB) was investigated by the characteristics of adsorption, viscosity, rheological properties, particle size, zeta-potential (ζ-potential), microstructure, and phase behavior. The low concentration of MHMP (<0.2%, w/v) and final pH (<4.0) might easily cause the instability among the particles inducing from the bridging flocculation. The FMB system obviously had a good stability as the adding of 0.4% MHMP. Meanwhile, the particle size had a slight downward trend with decreasing the value of pH. The increase of MHMP concentration could increase the properties of viscosity and ζ-potential. However, the ζ-potential of the system had a decreasing trend by reducing the pH of the FMB with the same concentration of MHMP. The microstructure of the FMB was thick and dense compared with the sample without MHMP. As the concentration of MHMP was above 0.4%, the FMB system presented the uniform dispersion and only slight stratification water occurred for the phase behavior. Besides, it was also indicated that most part of MHMP was not adsorbed onto the casein micelles but was involved in a network with MHMP/casein complexes in the FMB.     

基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度测量

为了精确地评价纱线的表观条干均匀性,提出一种基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度检测方法。首先通过图像采集装置获取纱线图像;然后对纱线图像进行亚像素边缘检测获取纱线边缘点集;利用开运算对获取的边缘点集进行处理,进而获得纱线条干的边缘;最后采用坐标直方图方法计算纱线平均直径和条干CV值。为验证方法的有效性和准确性,对多种不同线密度的纯棉纱线进行测试,并将测试结果与电容式条干仪的均匀度检测及基于模糊C均值分类和Otsu图像法的检测结果进行了对比。结果表明:基于亚像素边缘检测的纱线条干均匀度检测方法与电容式的测量结果有着较好的一致性,证明所提方法可得到准确的结果。     

织物结构参数对热传递性能影响的模拟分析

为方便快捷构建出接近三原组织织物真实结构的三维几何模型,应用图像处理技术对织物截面提取特征点,基于Newton插值公式拟合纱线中心线方程进而建立织物模型,而后在有限元软件中设置材料取向、定义边界条件,对三原组织织物的热传递性能进行数值模拟,通过实验验证了有限元方法及模型的有效性。之后预测了织物紧度对织物热传递性能的影响。结果表明:在相同织物紧度的条件下,平纹织物的热传递性能最好,其次是斜纹织物,最后是缎纹织物;在一定范围内,随着织物紧度的增加,织物的导热性能逐渐增加。     

基于AHP的旗袍胸部压力舒适性研究

为改善旗袍胸部牵制感与压迫感,提高旗袍的胸部压力舒适性,对同一结构规格旗袍的门襟、袖型及穿脱方式进行设计组合,利用正交试验制作旗袍样衣,测试出受试者在规定动作下的主客观压力值,并利用AHP法对主客观数据进行综合分析,得出对旗袍压力舒适性影响最大的设计因素及动作。结果表明,双侧门襟、无袖及前门襟穿脱方式的设计因素可以在一定程度上缓解旗袍胸部牵制感和压迫感,提高穿着舒适性;其中袖型因素服装压力值波动最大,对旗袍胸部压力舒适性影响程度更为显著;而规定动作中双手背后这一动作所占权重最高,对旗袍胸部压力舒适性的影响最大。     

Benchmark value determination of energy efficiency indexes for coal-fired power units based on data mining methods

The operational optimisation of coal-fired power units is important for saving energy and reducing losses in the electric power industry. One of the key issues is how to determine the benchmark values of the energy efficiency indexes of the units. Therefore, a new framework for determining these benchmark values is proposed, based on data mining methods. First, the energy efficiency key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with the net coal consumption rate (NCCR) were selected based on the domain knowledge. Second, the decision-making samples with minimal NCCR were acquired with the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm, and the corresponding clustering centres were employed as the benchmark values. Finally, based on the support vector regression (SVR) algorithm, the target values of the NCCR were obtained with the KPIs as input, and the energy saving potential was evaluated by comparing the target values with the historical values of the NCCR. An actual on-duty 1000 MW unit was taken as study unit, and the results show that the energy saving potential is remarkable when the operators adjust the KPIs based on the calculated benchmark values.     

基于改进奇异值分解滤波和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对含噪信号的有效奇异值个数难以确定的问题，提出了一种改进的奇异值分解降噪方法--奇异值累积法。该方法通过计算奇异值的实际下降值与奇异值平均下降速度累积量的差值，并取该差值最大值点的位置作为有效奇异值的分界点来确定有效奇异值的个数。在此基础上，提出了一种基于奇异值累积法与快速谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。采用奇异值累积法对原信号进行降噪处理，然后利用快速谱峭度确定滤波器中心频率及带宽，通过分析频段包络谱中明显的频率成分来诊断故障。该方法可以有效去除信号中的噪声，使得到的峭度值所反映的故障冲击更接近实际情况。对含内圈、外圈故障的滚动轴承实验数据进行分析，实验结果表明，相比快速谱峭度的故障诊断方法，该方法具有更好的故障识别效果。