UV-enhanced conductive and dielectric properties in KTN crystal

We observe enhancements of both conductive and dielectric properties under UV illumination by using a ferroelectric absorber, potassium tantalate niobate (KTa_1-xNb_xO₃, KTN). The UV-generated electron-hole pairs weaken the intrinsic ferroelectric polarization while enhance the conductive property. The UV-induced heat effect causes the enhancement of the dielectric property. The results are further confirmed by the maximal rectification ratio which shows an opposite trend between the direct heating process and the UV illumination. Our results are useful for better understanding of ferroelectric properties under UV illumination and the development of new optoelectronic devices.     

链条套筒与销轴铰链副冲击载荷-往复运动的弹流润滑数值模拟

数值模拟链传动中销轴与套筒之间的定载荷和变载荷弹流润滑接触问题,套筒相对于销轴做纯滑动往复运动。定载荷是假定往复运动过程中载荷恒定不变;变载荷是假定链节在啮入和啮出链轮过程中存在的冲击载荷按正弦函数规律变化。比较在定载荷和变载荷加载条件下线接触往复运动工况的弹性润滑油膜变化情况,分析在动载荷加载条件下不同行程长度对弹性流体动力润滑特性的影响。研究发现,动载荷对油膜的压力、膜厚影响较大:随着动载荷的增加,油膜中压力急剧增大,膜厚减小;但加载方式对摩擦因数的影响不大;在相同的加载方式下,随着行程长度的增加,油膜压力减小,中心膜厚和最小膜厚显著增加。     

具有光照鲁棒的图像匹配方法

针对现有的基于局部特征的图像匹配算法对光照变化敏感、匹配正确率低等问题，提出一种具有光照鲁棒性的图像匹配算法。首先使用实时对比保留去色（RTCP）算法灰度化图像，然后利用对比拉伸函数模拟不同光照变换对图像的影响从而提取抗光照变换特征点，最后采用局部强度顺序模式建立特征点描述符，根据待匹配图像局部特征点描述符的欧氏距离判断是否为成对匹配点。在公开数据集上，所提算法与尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法、加速鲁棒特征（SURF）算法、"风"（KAZE）算法和ORB算法在匹配速度和匹配正确率上进行了对比实验。实验结果表明：随着图像亮度差异的增加，SIFT算法、SURF算法、"风"（KAZE）算法和ORB算法匹配正确率下降迅速，所提算法下降缓慢并且正确率均高于80%；所提算法特征点检测较慢和描述符维数较高，平均耗时为23.47 s，匹配速度不及另外四种算法，但匹配质量却远超过它们。对实时性要求不高的系统中，所提算法可以克服光照变化对图像匹配造成的影响。     

Solution processed,vertically aligned,AZO nanocolumn array for chemiresistive sensor application with UV-enhanced sensitivity

In this work, a wide and highly sensitive chemiresistive sensor has been developed based on the AZO nanocolumn array film. This is meant for the room detection of H₂O₂ under UV illumination. A cost-effective one step multi-layers growth process was adopted for the synthesis of the AZO nanocolumn array. The experimental studies were done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission and electron microscopy (TEM).Then X-ray diffraction confirmed that the AZO column array was closely packed, connected, vertically aligned, and polycrystalline, with a high surface area. This structure ensures better electrical conduction over random and separated nanostructures. The hall-effect measurement indicates that the AZO film was n-type, with high conductivity (3.60 × 10³ Ωcm), high carrier density (11.3 × 10²⁰cm⁻³) and with acceptable mobility (0.95 cm²/Vs). The x-ray photoemission spectroscopy suggests that the AZO film consists of a large amount of adsorbed oxygen-related species at the sheath layer of the thin-film, which is vital for sensors. By the UV light activation, sensors based on the AZO nanocolumn array exhibited enhanced H₂O₂ detection properties at room temperature. At a concentration from 15 μM to 30 mM, H₂O₂ sensitivity evaluated by relative response was remarkably increased from 15% to 36%. The operation under ambient conditions and wide range sensing shows that this chemiresistive AZO sensor is adequate for biomedical and environmental applications.     

Chromatic adaptation in a 2D photograph demonstrated by a D‐up viewer

It is said that we cannot have color constancy in a photograph. The concept of recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) asserts that chromatic adaptation occurs when one perceives the illumination that is filling a space and not the objects in the space. It predicts then that if one perceives a 3D scene in a photograph, then color constancy will occur in the photograph. In this work, a dimension‐up (D‐up) viewer was developed to perceive a 3D scene on a 2D photograph, and the effect of chromatic adaptation was measured by the color appearance of a gray patch placed at the center of the photograph. Subjects saw the patch as a vivid color when they saw a photograph that had been taken under colored illumination, which is a normal experience in a real space observation. When the color appearance was measured by the elementary color naming method, the amount of chromaticness of the patch in percentage and the apparent hue were very similar to those observed in the 2‐room technique, thus confirming the prediction by the RVSI theory.     

砂轮振动对磨削区时变润滑效应的影响

为研究砂轮振动对磨削区压力、膜厚及温度的影响,建立考虑时变效应的砂轮振动磨削的润滑模型,分析陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮磨削45~#钢的过程中的最大压力、最小膜厚和最大温度随振动的幅值、频率及砂轮速度的变化情况。结果表明:考虑砂轮振动的时变效应时,不同瞬时下的压力及膜厚变化较大;随砂轮振幅和频率的增大,当砂轮振动到最低点时最大压力及最大温度增大,最小膜厚减小,而振动到最高点时则相反;时变效应使最大压力、最小膜厚与最大温度出现了滞后现象;当砂轮速度增大时,最大压力减小、最小膜厚增大,这有利于润滑且能减少磨粒磨损,但是最大温度增大容易产生磨削烧伤和热变形,影响工件磨削后的表面质量,所以应据此选择合适的砂轮速度。     

The effect of titanium dioxide-supported CdSe photocatalysts enhanced for photocatalytic glucose electrooxidation under UV illumination

The wetness impregnation method was used to synthesize 0.1% CdSe/TiO₂ photocatalysts with different atomic molar ratios (90–10, 70–30, 50–50, and 30–70). These catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX and mapping, TEM-EDS, UV–VIS spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, XPS, TPR, TPO, and TPD analyses. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses were performed to examine the photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs) in glucose solution in the dark and under UV illumination. The characterization analyses revealed that anatase TiO₂ formed the catalyst and electronic structure and surface properties changed when doped with metal. The photocatalytic glucose electrooxidation (PGE) results demonstrate that the 0.1% CdSe(50-50)/TiO₂ catalyst has higher photocatalytic activity, stability, and resistance than other catalysts both in the dark (2.71 mA cm^?2) and under UV illumination (7.20 mA cm^?2). These results offer a promising new type of photocatalyst for PFC applications.     

Display illumination with modulated directional backlight

Illumination is essential for modern life as colorful world is perceived by human visionary system. Display technology has been developing rapidly in recent decades, and the basic principle is related to the way that the image is illuminated and light is emanated. Traditional illumination is provided by different types of light sources, and the display image is visible in large viewing space until the emanating light decays to zero. This work proposes and demonstrates a novel illumination scheme for a display in which the displaying images are visible only in specific spatial regions. The directional backlight ensures the image propagating to specific direction while imaging visibility can be controlled to terminate abruptly at certain distance from the display screen while exerting no influence to nearby regions. The working principle for such an illumination scheme is the use of the modulated coherent directional backlight through an axicon lens. It is shown that the illumination scheme can robustly deliver carried image information to the designated viewing region. This new illumination scheme has many advantages over conventional illumination, including its usage for personal display, very lower energy consumption, as well as minimizing light hazard pollution.     

生活与采暖热水机组合理设计

依据住宅人数、旅馆或医院床位数m、热水小时变化系数k、热水用水定额q、燃油燃烧效率η等参数的相互关系,推出不同功率燃油热水机组设备单台、双台、叁台工作时的相应流量、K、m、油耗等参数值,并列成表格,方便读者和用户根据建筑规模参考选用;对北京双半月停止市政热水采暖季节,也提出了生活与采暖热水机组合理选择与互补的设想。