Western Canadian dairy farmers' perspectives on the provision of outdoor access for dairy cows and on the perceptions of other stakeholders

The provision of pasture and outdoor access for dairy cattle differs around the globe. For example, in Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia, dairy farms are largely pasture based, whereas dairy farms in the United States and Canada are largely confinement based. There is a high level of public support for pasture and outdoor access for dairy cows, and the available evidence shows that dairy cattle are highly motivated to access pasture, especially at night. The decision as to whether to provide outdoor access is typically made by farmers, but little is known about dairy farmers' perspectives on this topic. We investigated perspectives of Western Canadian dairy farmers on outdoor access, as well as how they believe different stakeholders (i.e., the dairy industry, the dairy cows, and the general public) regard outdoor access for dairy cows. Data were collected via (1) 11 focus group discussions with a total of 50 Western Canadian dairy farmers, and (2) semi-structured individual interviews with an additional 6 dairy farmers of Hutterite colonies. Data were analyzed using template analysis. Although most participants in this study did not provide outdoor access on their farms, or only provided outdoor access to certain cow groups, participants generally mentioned that they enjoyed seeing cows on pasture or outdoors. However, participants shared that the Canadian supply management system (including processors) required a consistent flow of production, which was thought to be easier and more economically realized with indoor housing of lactating cows. Participants believed that pasture or outdoor access for dairy cows was desired by the public. Some participants believed that dairy cows prefer to spend time outside under favorable weather conditions, but others felt that cows preferred to stay indoors in modern, ventilated freestall barns. The results of this study describe the perspectives of dairy farmers regarding the views of dairy industry stakeholders as they relate to outdoor access, helping to inform conversations around the provision of outdoor access for dairy cattle.     

从中西色彩观差异看中西方设计色彩的异与同

目的对中西方设计色彩差异进行理论分析。方法以中西色彩表达的文化差异为基础,通过对中西方色彩观的文化渊源进行比较分析,提炼出对中西传统色彩观的文化特点概括。结论通过对色彩在中西方建筑、服饰、装饰等设计中的运用案例进行分析,把握传统色彩观在历史空间中的演进与中西融合趋势,以求对21世纪全球语境下的现代设计色彩发展,提供基于中西传统色彩观特点比较分析基础上的把握。     

基于中医药文化的煤矿安全管理初探

为了提升煤矿安全管理水平，提炼先进煤矿安全管理理念，着重分析和研究了中医药文化的几个核心理念，发现这些理念当中有很多方面值得深入学习和研究。中医药文化里的一些累经数千年传承、积累的理念对煤矿安全管理来说确实有指导意义，中医药文化中的医者仁心、治未病、整体观、天人合一以及致中求和思想对煤矿的安全管理从不同的角度和层面有非常大的启发，如果能把这些优秀中医药文化理念应用到煤矿安全管理中来，进一步总结提炼，势必会把当前煤矿安全管理理念提升到一个全新的高度，让煤矿安全管理理念更加丰富、更加深入人心，进而对改变目前的安全管理困局起到引领作用。     

Assessing cloud computing value in firms through socio-technical determinants

While cloud computing is touted as a promising information technology advancement, predictions of its value are inconclusive. This research investigates the impact of cloud computing within-firm and across-firm. Drawing on the resource-based view and sociotechnical theory, technical attributes and social attributes of cloud computing are identified to impact firm performance via primary and support use. Results from data collected from 513 firms show varying effects of technical and social attributes in primary use and support use, which help create value and better performance. Such effects also are found to differ between firms in service and manufacturing sectors.     

Social licence: power imbalances and levels of consciousness – two case studies

ABSTRACT

Social licence to operate (SLO) is a term that is finding increasing acceptance in a number of industries. Like all new terms, its precise meaning and implications are still being investigated. Using data from previous studies, this paper offers an analysis of the SLO of two case studies with each study being viewed separately through the grid of a distinct theoretical framework. Case study 1 looks at the development of differential social licence negotiated in the Hamlet of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, as a result of an impact and benefit agreement negotiated between Tahera Diamond Corp. and the Kitikmeot Inuit Organisation in 2004. The study demonstrates that general acceptance of resource development can be uneven and reflect an unequal distribution of decision-making power. In case study 2, stakeholders of a failed mineral development project were queried across time about the specifics of the proposed mine development and were queried about resource development across different levels of consciousness. Perhaps, SLO is variable across different levels of consciousness. The paper concludes with observations about the variable nature of SLO acceptance across populations and across levels of consciousness within individuals. Perhaps, the concept of SLO is, in fact, complex, difficult to define and measure and, at this point, of limited utility as a measure of resource development acceptance.     

基于街景地图数据的北京市东城区 街道绿色空间正义评估研究

绿色空间正义是城市空间正义的典型代表，意为在人群中公平分配维护绿色空间的责任和享有绿色空间的权益。根据其定义，以北京市东城区为例，从责任和权益2个角度着眼，一方面基于百度街景地图数据提炼街道空间绿视率的空间分布特点，表征街道绿色空间的客观可感知水平；另一方面将街道绿视率和实时人口热力叠加，探讨街道绿色空间的实际被感知程度，从而完成对北京市东城区街道绿色空间维护和享有情况的评估。发现邻近使用者维护街道绿色空间的责任对绿化客观可感知水平的重要性，以及合理的道路断面设计对同时提升街道空间活力和绿视率即绿化实际被感知程度的有效性。由此总结出2点街道绿色空间规划设计建议，即明晰权责边界并保证公共权益优先级，以及加强落地性设计导则中对绿色空间正义问题的关注，并对未来研究提出展望。     

工程图样绘制工作应注意的几个问题

着重阐述了工程图样在生产中的重要作用及正确绘制工程图样应注意的几个问题.     

聚东极紫气 育三江明珠

充分依托城市发展的区域比较优势,以科学发展观为指导,坚持以人为本、和谐发展的规划理念,以突出特色、注重生态为原则,从城乡统筹、地区协调发展的空间层面上,调整与优化城市空间结构,进行城乡整体区域的资源、人口、产业与城镇布局规划,重点区域进行空间管治规划,以促进城市整体竞争力的提高。     

漳村矿夜景照明设计

以漳村矿的夜景照明设计为例，介绍了在矿区夜景照明设计中如何结合地域特点，原建筑特点、环境特点对矿区、广场、小区景观进行二次创作的整体思路和具体实施方法以及夜景照明设计实施中应注意的一些问题。     

浅谈绿色建筑

对绿色建筑的概念进行了阐述，并分析其与生态建筑、可持续建筑之间的关系，对绿色建筑的来源进行了论述，通过研究绿色建筑中的生态观，说明绿色建筑观的重要性与必要性。