石油开采过程中水平井钻井技术的应用探析

水平井钻井技术可满足当前的石油开采需求,但由于配备不合理、施工难度大等问题,使这一项技术的应用受到了限制。针对此项技术存在的问题进行简要分析,并提出相应的改进措施。     

Information system business affecting impact evaluation method

To effectively analyze the impact of continuous business interruption on the information system,an information system business affecting impact evaluation method (IBAIE) is proposed.First,we identify the main businesses of the system and quantify their vulnerability.Then,we take the businesses as the nodes of network topology and weight nodes based on the business significance.The orderly association between businesses is taken as the edges which are weighted based on the association between asset and business,and the directed weighted business network topology is obtained.Finally,the method of directed weighted network structure entropy is used to evaluate the change of system business network structure during the period from business interruption to recovery.Experiments show that this method has obvious advantages in evaluating accuracy compared to other methods,and can be applied in ensuring information system security.     

中原经济区资源型城市脆弱性及综合竞争力研究

文章基于对脆弱性和综合竞争力的认知和理解，构建脆弱性及综合竞争力模型，然后运用熵权-TOPSIS法和PCA法分别对中原经济区资源型城市脆弱性和综合竞争力进行测算，最后通过线性函数对两者的关系进行分析和评价。研究表明：1）从时间上来看，2006-2016年中原经济区资源型城市的脆弱性整体呈先上升后下降态势，从空间上来看，濮阳、亳州、宿州、三门峡和鹤壁的脆弱性最低；2）从时间上来看，中原经济区资源型城市的综合竞争力呈现整体上升局部下降的态势，从空间上来看，晋城、长治、淮北、洛阳的综合竞争力居前4位；3）利用线性系数分析得出，洛阳、平顶山、濮阳、南阳、宿州、亳州、邯郸和邢台的脆弱性与综合竞争力呈负相关关系，鹤壁、焦作、三门峡、晋城、运城、淮北和长治的脆弱性与综合竞争力呈正相关关系。      

从空间管制角度谈对“多规合一”工作的思考

空间管制作为一种有效的空间资源配置和管理手段备受关注，也日益成为空间规划的重要内容和政府进行空间管理的重要抓手。要实现统一的空间管制，就必须进行“多规合一”。在“多规合一”的过程中，形成统一的控制线和空间管制分区，建立起“管制分区-责任主体-政策措施”三位一体的空间管制机制，并实现空间政策化，政策法制化。要实现管制空间与管制政策的协调，必须处理好技术理性与行政管理可操作性的关系，促使空间管制由技术性向政策性转型。完整的空间管制政策应包括三个部分，对管制分区的管理要求、实现管制目标的措施和空间开发权合理分配的保障机制。在明确分区管理控制性和约束性要求的同时，通过调节和补偿性政策措施，最终实现空间开发权的合理分配。     

Constrained differential evolution with multiobjective sorting mutation operators for constrained optimization

Differential evolution (DE) is a simple and powerful evolutionary algorithm for global optimization. DE with constraint handling techniques, named constrained differential evolution (CDE), can be used to solve constrained optimization problems (COPs). In existing CDEs, the parents are randomly selected from the current population to produce trial vectors. However, individuals with fitness and diversity information should have more chances to be selected. This study proposes a new CDE framework that uses nondominated sorting mutation operator based on fitness and diversity information, named MS-CDE. In MS-CDE, firstly, the fitness of each individual in the population is calculated according to the current population situation. Secondly, individuals in the current population are ranked according to their fitness and diversity contribution. Lastly, parents in the mutation operators are selected in proportion to their rankings based on fitness and diversity. Thus, promising individuals with better fitness and diversity are more likely to be selected as parents. The MS-CDE framework can be applied to most CDE variants. In this study, the framework is applied to two popular representative CDE variants, (μ + λ)-CDE and ECHT-DE. Experiment results on 24 benchmark functions from CEC’2006 and 18 benchmark functions from CEC’2010 show that the proposed framework is an effective approach to enhance the performance of CDE algorithms.     

Regional characteristics and the decision to innovate in a developing country: A multilevel analysis of Ecuadorian firms

This is the first study that uses multilevel modelling to analyse regional influence on the decision to invest in innovation activities of firms in a single developing country, Ecuador. Our results indicate that the decision to invest in R&D and in other innovation activities are conditioned by the region in which the firm is located. Regional loan volume, orientation towards knowledge exploitation and intra-regional-sectorial R&D spillovers are positively associated with both types of innovation activities, while regional levels of co-operation and inter-regional R&D spillovers are only positively associated with the probability of investing in other innovation activities.     

试论煤炭资源开采安全生产技术

在中国经济发展的过程中,煤炭是最重要的消耗能源,提高煤炭资源的开采水平具有重要的现实意义。近年来,中国开展了各项活动来保证煤炭资源的开采安全,同时还出台了相关的措施来加强对煤炭安全生产的管理,这使得煤炭资源的开采与生产形势开始好转。但是在煤炭开采的过程中,人员的伤亡率仍然比较高,因此,在煤炭资源开采过程中,研发安全的生产技术是十分必要的。     

降凝降黏剂在原油开采集输中的应用

降凝降黏剂已成为钻高难度的高温深井、大斜度定向井、水平井和各种复杂地层的重要手段,并且还可广泛地用作解卡液、射孔完井液、修井液和取心液等。由于稠油的黏度以及凝点低,防止在开采过程中出现困难,降凝降黏剂的应用需要进行一定的关注,解决其发展困难。     

Combustion properties of a low-vulnerability propellant: an experimental and theoretical study using laser ignition

Ignition and combustion characteristics of a low-vulnerability propellant based on RDX are studied experimentally. Ignition is obtained using a laser diode. Experiments are performed in a cylindrical closed-volume reactor for different initial pressures and initial propellant masses under nitrogen and argon surrounding atmospheres. Ignition delays, maximal overpressures, and propagation rates are obtained for different initial pressures and laser powers. Thermodynamic predictions of overpressures are also compared with experimental ones. Finally, ignition probabilities for different laser powers and gaseous atmospheres are investigated using a revised Langlie method.