Experimental densities for compressed R134a

This paper reports densities of compressed R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) determined by using a contiuously weighed pycnometer at 20 K intervals between 180 and 380 K at pressures from slightly greater than the vapour pressure to 70 MPa. The results are accurate to within ±0.1%. Saturated liquid densities derived by extrapolation from the experimental values agree with other reported values to within ±0.3%.     

Line-shape studies for single- and triple-pass Fabry-Perot interferometer systems

To test the model developed in the preceding paper [Appl. Opt. 34, this issue (1994)] regarding the line shape produced by a Fabry-Perot interferometer system in a multipass mode, we have used three Lorentzian line shapes formed in scattering processes and subjected them to single and triple passes with some variation in the pinhole diameter. In most cases we find good agreement with the calculations with the only adjustable parameter being the single-pass contrast C(1). Where differences occur, plausible explanations are offered.     

High performance evacuated solar collectors—design,applications and viability

The design of evacuated collectors developed in various laboratories is reviewed and the research and development work on all glass evacuated collector at the University of Sydney is discussed In detail Long-term comparative test data for flat plate and evacuated collectors and the projected economics of large volume manufacture of all-glass collectors indicate the viability of evacuated collectors for applications such as domestic water heating.     

Long‐term fish assemblages of inner bends in a large river

We sampled fishes at 17 inner bend sites on the Wabash River in 2008 to compare with collections from 1977 to 1997. We used the same seine collection methods as previous years and collected a total of 37 species. Mean site Shannon‐Wiener diversity, species richness, evenness and abundance for all years were similar. We used multivariate analyses to test for patterns in fish assemblage structure among all sites and all years. The multivariate analyses resulted in distinct assemblages for each collection‐year, suggesting shifts in assemblage composition among years. We used separate multivariate analyses to examine fish assemblage variation within individual years. Variation that corresponded to an upstream–downstream pattern was present in 1977 and 2008, but not in 1997. A hydrologic analysis based on daily discharge revealed that eight large flood events occurred from 1928 to 2007, with four of these events during the recent 20 years. We quantified substrate variation at the 17 sites in 2008 and identified a longitudinal gradient in dominant substrate categories with gravel upstream and sand downstream that was correlated with the first axis of the 2008 fish assemblage ordination. We suggest that observed changes in fish assemblages in decadal periods were from hydrologic impacts of large floods on local habitats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Measurement of transport properties of liquids with equilibrium and nonequilibrium Rayleigh scattering

We have developed an experimental arrangement for measuring Rayleigh scattering in liquids and liquid mixtures that are either in thermal equilibrium or in thermal nonequilibrium states. As an illustrative example we report experimental values for the thermal dilfusivity, the mass diffusion coefficient, the Rayleigh-factor ratio, and the Suret coefficient of an equimolar mixture of liquid toluene andn-hexane.Paper presented at the Twelfth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 19–24, 1994 Boulder Colorado U S A     

Temperature dependence of Al/Ti-based Ohmic contact to GaN devices: HEMT and MOSFET

In this paper two types of Al/Ti-based Ohmic contacts to Gallium Nitride (GaN) based devices are presented; ImplantedN⁺GaN (like the ones found in the Source/Drain of GaN Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors-MOSFET) and heterojunction (HJ) AlGaN/GaN contacts (Source/Drain of High Electron Mobility Transistors-HEMT). Sheet resistance (R_sh) and contact resistance (R_c) have been investigated in the temperature (T) range of 25-250 °C. It was found that the R_sh (850/700 Ω□) (25/250 °C) and R_c (2.2/0.7 Ωmm) decrease with T for ImplantedN⁺GaN contact and R_sh (400/850 Ω□) and R_c (0.2/0.4 Ωmm) (weakly for R_c) increase with T for HJAlGaN/GaN contact. Numerical computation based models are used to determine the theoretical R_sh and R_c behavior with T and to fit the experimental values.     

CTL response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: identification of an immunogenic epitope in the 19-kDa lipoprotein

The successful resolution of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is believed to involve the induction of CTLs that are capable of killing cells harboring this pathogen, although little information is known about the MHC restriction or fine specificity of such CTLs. In this study, we used knowledge of the HLA-A*0201-binding motif and an immunofluorescence-based peptide-binding assay to screen for potential HLA-A*0201-binding epitopes contained in the 19-kDa lipoprotein of M.tb (M.tb19). CD8+ T cells derived from HLA-A*0201+ patients with active tuberculosis (TB) as well as tuberculin skin test-positive individuals who had no history of TB were used as effector cells to determine whether these epitopes are recognized by in vivo-primed CTLs. An in vitro vaccination system using HLA-A*0201+ dendritic cells (DCs) as APCs was used to determine whether these epitopes can sensitize naive CD8+ T cells in vitro, leading to the generation of Ag-specific CTLs. The results show that an HLA-A*0201-binding peptide comprised of residues 88 to 97 of M.tb19 (P88-97) is recognized by circulating CD8+ CTLs from both healthy tuberculin skin test-positive individuals and patients with active TB but not by tuberculin skin test-negative subjects. Moreover, dendritic cells pulsed with this peptide induced class I MHC-restricted CTLs from the T cells of healthy unsensitized persons. Finally, CTL lines that were specific for P88-97 were shown to lyse autologous monocytes that had been infected acutely with the H37Ra strain of M.tb. These results demonstrate that M.tb19 elicits HLA class I-restricted CTLs in vitro and in vivo that recognize endogenously processed Ag. Epitopes of the type identified here may prove useful in the design of an M.tb vaccine.     

Mutation of the alpha 2 domain disulfide bridge of the class I molecule HLA-A*0201. Effect on maturation and peptide presentation

This report documents the introduction of standard-setting in the haemato-oncological reverse-isolation unit of the Kanton hospital, Basle. The topic is the prevention or reduction of nausea, choking and vomiting, and the treatment of patients who are receiving prolonged chemotherapy. The objective was quality assurance in nursing care. The definition of the desired outcome was the well-being and safety of patients. In addition the wish of the staff to increase their security in dealing with antiemetics was taken into consideration. The authors describe the basic problems they encountered in their strategies and actions for standard setting. By extensive use of measurement and evaluation it was possible, in cooperation with medical leadership, to develop instructional leaflets and checklists. Approximation to the intended outcome was achieved. The well being of patients and satisfaction of the safety-needs of staff and patients reached a high level. The report shows that the introduction of nursing standards requires great effort and a high level of commitment of the entire team. It also shows that the effort is worthwhile for patients and staff.