Application of a multiple-model adaptive filter method to inertial navigation systems

The multiple-model adaptive filter (MMAF) method is applied to the estimation of error states of inertial navigation systems (INS). Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the sensitivity of several MMAFs to uncertainties in flight condition, where a Doppler radar receiver or Omega receiver is considered as the reference information source. It is shown that the MMAF method is useful not only for a case where the actual system model is included within the candidate models, but also for a case where the actual system model is not included within the candidate models.     

Input-output linearization of nonlinear systems with time delays in state variables

The present paper is concerned with nonlinear systems that contain delays inside coupled with a part of state variables, which are often the cases in practical problems, but have not been treated yet. First we introduce an extension of the Lie derivative for a difference-differential equation; then we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a nonlinear feedback that linearizes the input-output behaviour of a system and decouples it from the delayed variables simultaneously. Discussions are given for two cases: firstly when the linearizing feedback contains only current values of state variables, and secondly when the linearizing feedback has memories to utilize the past values as well as the current values of state variables.     

Surface treatment of titanium dioxide nanopowder using rotary electrode dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanopowder (P-25;Degussa AG) was treated using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in a rotary electrode DBD (RE-DBD) reactor.Its electrical and optical characteristics were investigated during RE-DBD generation.The treated TiO2 nanopowder properties and structures were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).After RE-DBD treatment,XRD measurements indicated that the anatase peak theta positions shifted from 25.3° to 25.1°,which can be attributed to the substitution of new functional groups in the TiO2 lattice.The FTIR results show that hydroxyl groups (OH) at 3400 cm-1 increased considerably.The mechanism used to modify the TiO2 nanopowder surface by air DBD treatment was confirmed from optical emission spectrum measurements.Reactive species,such as OH radical,ozone and atomic oxygen can play key roles in hydroxyl formation on the TiO2 nanopowder surface.     

Control Model for Large‐Sized Gantry Type Linear Motor Slider

At present, many industrial carrier devices utilize linear motor sliders. However, a heavier load requires a linear motor (which is an example of a direct drive device) to get higher power, compared with a rotary motor with a ball screw slider (which is an example of an indirect drive device). In order to obtain higher power at a lower cost, a linear slider with multiple motors can be utilized, for example, a gantry type linear motor slider. Moving the gantry type slider requires two linear motors that are set up in parallel to enable synchronization control. Some conventional synchronization control methods have been proposed for the parallel twin linear slider; however, a large‐scaled gantry type linear motor slider has two unique problems: mechanical distortion caused by the limitations of installation environment and coupling caused by joints with low stiffness. This paper proposes a control model to solve these problems, and an identification method of each parameter. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the control model is verified by comparison with simulation results and experimental results.     

Ethylene Absorbent to Maintain Quality of Lightly Processed Fruits and Vegetables

Ethylene had an undesirable effect on the quality of kiwifruits, bananas, broccoli, and spinach leaves that were prepared and stored as lightly processed products. A 2.or 20 ppm ethylene treatment hastened the softening of the pulp of kiwifruits and bananas held at 20°C. Use of charcoal with palladium chloride, as ethylene absorbent, prevented the accumulation of the ethylene and was effective in reducing the rate of softening in kiwifruits and bananas and of chlorophyll loss in spinach leaves, but not in broccoli.     

Effect of Maillard Reaction on Some Physical Properties of Ovalbumin

Ovalbumin freeze-dried with or without the addition of glucose was stored at 50°C and 65% relative humidity to study the effect of the Maillard reaction on some physical properties of ovalbumin. In the early stage of the reaction in which ovalbumin-glucose complexes were formed, there were soluble types of monomer and aggregates of which α-helix and available lysine contents were gradually decreased with length of storage and degree of aggregation. These compounds were characterized by properties possessing a marked resistance towards destruction of conformation and coagulation. With progress of the reaction, ovalbumin-glucose complexes changed to insoluble forms having higher particle weight and breakdown products.     

SST estimation within Syowa's station mask using MOS-1's visible and thermal infrared radiometers

Since February 1989 measurements from MOS-1 could be received at Syowa Station in Antarctica. The first set of MOS-1 visible and thermal infrared (VTIR) recordings from Syowa Station is analysed in this study. A method developed by Schüssel and Grassl is applied for ice and cloud filtering. For clear ocean pixels the sea surface temperatures are estimated by applying Muneyama's split window algorithm. A sea surface temperature composite of ten VTIR passes is presented.     

Two-stage bias correction estimators based on generalized partitioning estimation method†

The generalized partitioning estimation method, which is well known in tho literature (for example, Lainiotis 1976), is applied to solve the bias correction filtering, predicting and amoothing problems for a linear continuous.time system with undisturbable bias subsystem. With tho aid of an initial dependent-type partitioning approach, it is shown that the Friedland (1969) elemental results con be readily extended to the more general case where the bias and the original states are mutually dependent at the initial time, and that two-stage bias correction predictors and smoothers can also be developed. Finally, the dual set of Chandrasekhar algorithms, which alleviates the computation burden for a bias correction fixed-interval smoother evolving forwards in time, is presented.     

Observations-weighted controllers for linear stochastic systems using a dual criterion: the multivariable case

The solution of a dual criterion observations-weighted control problem is obtained, using the polynomial equation approach, for linear, stochastic, multivariable, discrete-time systems. The system model involves input disturbance, and reference and coloured measurement noise signals. The dual criterion considered here includes the sensitivity functions in addition to the usual observations-weighted cost function. It is shown that the observations-weighted controller presented guarantees the internal stability of the closed-loop system, even in a light control for non-minimum-phase plants, whenever the sensitivity and/or complementary sensitivity weighting matrices are non-zero. The controller is also effective for improving the robustness of the usual observations-weighted controller, but has comparable computation loads to the dual criterion linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) controller in a general situation.     

Analysis of ATP and Its Breakdown Products in Beef by Reversed-Phase HPLC

Analytical conditions for the quantitative determination of adenosine 5′-triphosphate(ATP), adenosine 5′-diphosphate(ADP), inosine 5′-monophosphate(IMP), adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP), hypoxanthine(Hyp), xanthine(Xan), inosine(Ino) and adenosine(Ado) in meat extracts by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were examined. A commercial ODS column with a 5-μm particle diameter was used, and expeimental parameters affecting the separation were discussed. Peaks in chromatograms of meat extracts were identified by retention time, co-injection with standards, absorbance ratios and the enzymatic peak shift method. The procedure proposed was adaptable as an indication of freshness of meat.