Clinicopathological significance of intratubular giant macrophages in progressive glomerulonephritis

Very large macrophages, which we have termed "giant macrophages" (G-M phi), have been found in renal tubules, some containing cytoplasmic vacuoles. To elucidate their pathophysiological roles, we examined renal biopsy tissues from various primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) using immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against M phi and other cell surface markers. Giant macrophages were absent or rare in TIN, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, and minor glomerular abnormalities, but G-M phi was plentiful in progressive glomerulonephrides such as IgA nephropathy with crescents, membranoproliferative GN, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and especially in crescentic GN. These G-M phi were usually seen in the lumen of renal tubules, but occasionally were found in the Bowman's spaces and glomerular tufts, and similar cells were also found in urine. Moreover, they frequently made contact with tubular epithelial cells expressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and the tubular epithelial cells in such lesions often had degenerative changes. Giant M phi may damage tubular epithelial cells from the luminal side. Phenotypically, G-M phi showed activated (CD71+) and mature (25F9+) characteristics along with features of M phi (CD68+), and the cytoplasm contained a great deal of lipids. The numbers of G-M phi in renal tissues closely correlated with the degree of hematuria (rho = 0.5, P < 0.001), serum creatinine value (r = 0.63, P < 0.001) in GN patients (N = 96) and with proteinuria in IgA nephropathy patients (r = 0.89, P < 0.001, N = 27). These data suggest that G-M phi are M phi that were activated and matured in certain active inflammatory sites, which flowed into tubules and then into urine. Thus, the existence of G-M phi in biopsy tissue or urine reflect the activity of GN and may have a predictive value for the progression of GN.     

An adaptive associative memory system based on autonomous reaction between image memories

To construct a “thinking-like” processing system, a new architecture of an adaptive associative memory system is proposed. This memory system treats “images” as basic units of information, and adapts to the environment of the external world by means of autonomous reactions between the images. The images do not have to be clear, distinct symbols or patterns; they can be ambiguous, indistinct symbols or patterns as well. This memory system is a kind of neural network made up of nodes and links called a localist spreading activation network. Each node holds one image in a localist manner. Images in high-activity nodes interact autonomously and generate new images and links. By this reaction between images, various forms of images are generated automatically under constraints of links with adjacent nodes. In this system, three simple image reaction operations are defined. Each operation generates a new image by combining pseudofigures or features and links of two images. This work was presented, in part, at the Fourth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 19–22, 1999     

Polyacrylate/SiO2 nanocomposites prepared by combining non-aqueous sol–gel process and miniemulsion polymerization

Cationically photopolymerizable phenyl epoxy-silicone monomers (Ep-Ph-Si) with a high RI and high photopolymerization activity have been synthesized via sequential hydrosilylation reactions of 1,3,5,7- tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane by attaching first styrene, followed by 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene-1,2-epoxide in the presence of Lamoreaux catalyst. The content of benzene ring in the monomers was determined by ¹HNMR; the epoxy value was examed by chemical titration. The RI of the obtained monomers showed that the benzene ring could improve the refractive indices (RIs) and the RIs of the phenyl epoxy-silicone monomers ranged from 1.50 to 1.52. The cationic photopolymerization of these monomers initiated by triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate (P-S) showed that phenyl epoxy-silicone monomers with little amount of benzene ring still exhibited high photopolymerization rate. Those properties are well suitable for the application in UV-curing optical coatings and encapsulation materials.     

多微处理机电力系统稳定器

本文提出了一种多微处理机电力系统稳定器的结构。应用它,既可并行求解复杂的控制规律,也可综合与协调同步发电机的励磁、频率以及快速汽门,电气制动电阻等的控制,因而可以在由微动态到暂态的大范围内提高电力系统的稳定极限与改善动态品质。文中并论述了验证该装置并行运算能力的模拟试验,结果表明,它的运算速度比单微处理机可提高一倍。     

汽轮发电机组按汽耗微增率在线分配负荷

本文论述了一种微机控制系统的结构与原理。该系统能在线识别汽轮发电机组的汽耗特性，按总汽耗量为最小分配各机组的负荷，并能按最优分配值自动调整各机组的输出功率。该系统适用于具有母管制的火电厂。该控制系统已在某火电厂进行实验，对该厂五台２５ＭＷ汽轮发电机组实现最优分配负荷。实验情况表明，使用此微机控制系统后，每月可节约３０００～５０００吨蒸汽。     

地铁引起建筑物振动评价研究

因为不能直接量测地铁环境中拟建建筑物的振动,介绍基于理论计算分析对地铁运行引起建筑物振动的评价方法。由于地铁隧道底面振动记录资料缺乏,量测困难;列车-轨道-地基系统的模拟不尽完善。针对上海地铁隧道正上方某拟建建筑物的振动问题,建立上部结构的刚性地基有限元模型,输入场地实测地面振动加速度激励,计算结构振动在时域内的响应。利用傅里叶变换,对结构时域内的响应进行频域分析,根据国家标准对地铁引起建筑物的振动做出评价,从而为地铁环境中建筑物防振设计提供依据。     

装配式混凝土结构施工技术课程教学探讨

装配式混凝土结构施工技术是新时期土木工程施工的新内容,目前发展装配式混凝土结构建筑是推进建筑产业化的重要举措。根据装配式混凝土结构施工技术内容和特点探讨该课程的教学内容和教学方式,选择该课程实践教学内容和知识应用方法,提出符合高等学校土木工程专业教学特点和工程建设实践需要的装配式混凝土结构施工技术课程教学体系,探讨土木工程施工技术课程改革,以适应建筑产业化对土木工程专业人才的要求。     

兰州石化公司2万t/a正丁烷氧化法制顺丁烯二酸酐装置工艺流程及特点

介绍了中国石油兰州石化分公司新建2万t/a正丁烷氧化法制顺丁烯二酸酐(简称顺酐)装置的工艺流程、工艺特点、产品规格、技术经济水平等情况。溶剂吸收和产品精制采用美国Huntsm an公司技术,反应器为列管式固定床,后处理回收率为99%,原料单耗[m(正丁烷)/m(顺酐)]为1.2。溶剂单耗[m(溶剂)/m(顺酐)]仅为5~8 kg/t。     

A case of interstitial pneumonia induced by an ACE inhibitor (temocapril hydrochloride)]

A 51-year-old woman who had been treated for years for rheumatoid arthritis presented with a persistent dry cough and shortness of breath three weeks after administration of the ACE inhibitor temocapril hydrochloride against essential hypertension. Chest radiography and computed tomography showed diffuse reticular shadows and ground-grass opacities in both lung fields. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis showed an increase of lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells (93.3% of lymphocytes), and a decrease of the CD4/8 ratio of the T cell subset (0.04). Histopathological analysis of trans-bronchial lung biopsy specimens showed infiltration of lymphocytes into the alveolar septa and exudation of alveolar macrophages, signs characteristic of interstitial pneumonia. A drug lymphocyte stimulation test was positive for temocapril, but negative for other drugs. On the basis of these findings, we diagnosed temocapril hydrochloride-induced interstitial pneumonia.     

Polymer-electrolyte water electrolysis

The electricity for the electrolyzer is supplied by a variable electricity supply unit that simulates actual outputs of both series and parallel combinations of solar cells exposed to various solar intensities. An amorphous-silicon solar cell is used as a sensor for the unit The operation was continued for more than 600 days without trouble. The case of direct connection of the solar cell and polymer electrolyte (PE) water electrolyzer is simulated: the test results show that more than 95% of the peak electricity power of the solar battery can be utilized for the electrolyzer over various solar radiation conditions.