Thailand’s economy is growing rapidly as seen in terms of GDP; according to Thailand is a developing country. So, in industrial sector and logistics are high cost. Around 36% of diesel is spent on the transportation sector, and the amount of oil imported is going up. The Thai government had launched a master plan to increase the stability of the energy situation.
This paper studied the biodiesel policy in Thailand. Although the Thai government had launched a plan 8 years back, the plan could not meet its expected target. The policy was then extended to a 15-year plan. The goal is changed, using more biodiesel: 492.75 million liters in 2008 compared with 1642.5 million liters in 2022. The problems are politics, lack of raw materials, standard of specifications, no clear subsidized policy, and farmers’ lack technology. 相似文献
This research studied how to reduce the time consumption and to increase and improve the efficiency of the solarization process. The asymmetry compound parabolic concentrator (ACPC) was developed to produce boiling water to be utilized while the solarization process was in operation. This could decrease the time consumed in the solarization process from 4 to 6 weeks to 4 h, with a temperature of approximately 41.25 °C at the various depth levels, not exceeding 50 cm. The test to inhibit the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of wilt in crops leaves, indicated that R. solanacearum was reduced from the total bacterial population of 10.9 × 108 colony forming unit/g soil (cfu g?1) at soil surface to 9.0 × 107, 7.5 × 104 and 4.1 × 103 cfu g?1 within 1, 2 and 4 h, respectively. 相似文献
This research has examined the effects of three parameter groups on the forming force of single point incremental forming (SPIF) process. The parameters under study include the material types (sheet aluminum, brass and copper), the forming angles (30°, 40° and 50°), and the tool revolution speeds (200, 400 and 600 rpm). The metal forming was carried out using a spherical edge tool which was pressed onto the metal surface to form work pieces of truncated pyramid shape. In the experiment, the forming forces were measured and analyzed to determine an optimal parameter combination, with regard to the material type, forming angle and revolution speed, for the SPIF process. The experimental results showed that all three parameter groups exerted varying influences over the forming force of the SPIF process. The findings indicated that the sheet brass exhibited the highest force value and that the smaller forming angle contributed to the greater forming force. In addition, the higher tool revolution speed resulted in the lower forming force.
Cyanidin and its glycosides are naturally dietary pigments which have been indicated as promising candidates to have potential benefits to humans, especially in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. We investigated the structure activity relationships of cyanidin and its glycosides to inhibit intestinal α-glucosidases and pancreatic α-amylase in vitro. The results found that cyanidin and its glycosides are more specific inhibitors of intestinal sucrase than intestinal maltase. Cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were the most potent inhibitors against intestinal sucrase and pancreatic α-amylase with IC(50) values of 0.50 ± 0.05 and 0.30 ± 0.01 mM, respectively. Our findings indicate that the structural difference between glucose and galactose at the 3-O-position of cyanidin was an important factor for modulating the inhibition of intestinal sucrase and pancreatic α-amylase. The combination of cyandin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3- galactoside or cyanidin-3,5-diglucosides with a low concentration of acarbose showed synergistic inhibition on intestinal maltase and sucrase. The synergistic inhibition was also found for a combination of cyanidin or cyanidin-3-glucoside with a low concentration of acarbose. The findings could provide a new insight into a use for the naturally occurring intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications. 相似文献
Ceramic hollow fibre membrane contactors have been applied to carbon dioxide stripping from monoethanolamine (MEA) solution at high temperature where most polymeric membranes would fail to operate. The experimental results show that the membrane contactors are immune from hydrodynamic problems, such as flooding and loading, since the gas and liquid phases can totally be separated by the hollow fibre membranes. The height of transfer unit (HTU) of the contactor was determined to be as low as 15 cm and is dependent on the fluid velocities. The mass transfer coefficients were theoretically predicted and found to be within a reasonable deviation. The mass transfer resistance in the liquid phase was found to be the majority of the total resistance. 相似文献