煤质粒状活性炭去除溴酸盐的研究

采用煤质粒状活性炭对水体中的BrO3-和Br-的吸附规律进行考察,同时也研究了活性炭吸附溴酸盐的影响因素,如投炭量、pH、Br-含量等。结果表明,在单吸附条件下活性炭对BrO3-和Br-的吸附去除率分别为95.7%和70.8%;发现pH和Br-含量对BrO3-吸附影响较大,当pH从3.0升高到12.0时,BrO3-去除率降低了近60%;Br-的质量浓度从0增加到5 mg/L时,去除率降低了20%左右。可见,较低的pH和低含量的阴离子含量有利于溴酸盐的吸附。     

SBAR反应器的好氧颗粒污泥低温培养及运行特性

以葡萄糖和乙酸钠混合基质为碳源,絮状污泥为接种污泥,采用间歇式气升内循环反应器(SBAR),考察了在低温条件下好氧颗粒污泥的培养、颗粒污泥特性及其对污染物的去除效果.结果表明:在温度为(10±1)℃时,成功培养出了好氧颗粒污泥;其平均粒径为1.82 mm,结构密实、表面光滑,平均湿密度为1.036 g/cm3,沉速为18.6～65.1 cm/min.反应器稳定运行后,对COD、NH4+-N、TP的去除率分别为(90.6%～95.4%)、(69.2%～79.9%)、(52.5%～59.5%);出水硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐浓度均小于0.2 mg/L;启动阶段的亚硝化率为34.9%～52.3%.可见,SBAR反应器对污染物具有较好的去除效果,同时在低温下好氧颗粒污泥也具有较高的同步硝化反硝化能力.     

潜流人工湿地预处理给水厂原水的效研究

采用潜流人工湿地对给水厂原水进行预处理,以提高进水水质,减轻水厂常规处理工艺的负荷.以松花江水为研究对象,考察了人工湿地对原水中浊度、CODmn、UV254、TN和NH4-N的处理效果.试验结果表明,在进水流量为0.8m3/d、水力停留时间为1.5d时,该工艺对浊度、CODmn、UV254、TN和NH4-N的平均去除率分别为93.71%、43.19%、17.69%、49.15%和48.92%.潜流人工湿地对原水预处理效率较高,运行稳定,可以有效减轻后续工艺的处理负荷.     

氧化石墨烯膜的优化制备及天然有机物去除

采用自组装法在改性聚丙烯腈平板膜表面交替沉积带正电的交联剂聚乙烯亚胺和带负电的氧化石墨烯溶液,利用静电吸附原理,制得氧化石墨烯复合膜。并探究聚乙烯亚胺溶液的浓度(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 g/L)对膜制备效果与水处理效果的影响。傅里叶变换红外分析光谱、水接触角分析和扫描电镜结果表明自组装过程中官能团的变化,证实氧化石墨烯层的成功组装。综合纯水通量和甲基橙截留效果,最终选定聚乙烯亚胺溶液的最佳浓度为1.0 g/L。以金川河水作为原水,复合膜对天然有机物的截留能力明显提高。     

生物炭的主要改性方法及其在污染物去除方面的应用

综述了紫外辐射改性、酸碱改性、负载金属及其氧化物改性、有机物改性等生物炭的改性方法,并针对改性效果和改性机理进行了总结分析。生物炭经过改性,具有比原始生物炭更多的表面官能团,或者更高的比表面积,或者负载于生物炭表面得改性物质能够与目标物反应,进而提高生物炭的吸附性能。最后总结了改性生物炭在土壤改良、水中污染物去除和空气中污染物去除三个方面的应用。     

Study on the influence factors of the photocatalysis degradation of Humic Acid

The effects of Humic Acid (HA) concentration,pH value and aeration on the photocatalysis degradation of HA by the silica gel supported TiO2 were studied.Moreover,the effect of aeration on the generation of hydroxyl radicals are investigated.The experimental results indicated that the hydroxyl radicals are generated during the photocatalysis process.The generation of hydroxyl radicals is increasing linearly with the reaction time,approximately.Moreover,the generation rate of hydroxyl under the condition of aeration is 1.57 times of that under the condition without aeration,which is the main influent factor on the reaction rate.Therefore,the reaction rate constant with and without aeration is 0.012 min-1 and 0.0063 min-1,respectively.The degradation rate decreases when the initial HA concentration increases,which is due to that more TiO2 active sites are occupied by HA when the HA concentration is higher.Moreover,HA can absorb large amount of photons,which can prevent those available photons to arrive at the activate TiO2 particles.The degradation rate decreases when increasing pH value,which is due to that the adsorption of HA on the TiO2 particles is weakened and not benefit for the degradation process of HA.     

Surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed for pretreatment of micro-polluted Yellow River raw water in China

In order to investigate the feasibility of pretreating the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland, an experiment was conducted using a surface flow constructed wetland with composite plant bed. The contamination removal efficiency and their trends in the wetland treatment system were studied under different hydraulic loading rates（HLR）. The contamination removal efficiencies were compared according to the seasonal change under optimum HLR. The result shows that in the same season, under different hydraulic loadings ranging from 2 to 6 m^3/（ m^2 · d） at the same period, the best HLR is 4 m^3/（ m^2 ·d） in the experimental system. The average removal rates of COD, TN, ammoniacal nitrogen （NH4^＋-N）, and TP in the constructed wetland are 38.37%, 45.97% , 39. 86% and 41.69%, respectively. According to China Standard for Surface Water Resources （GB3838 -2002） , mean effluent of COD, TN, NH4^＋ -N and TP can nearly reach Grade Ⅲ, Grade Ⅴ, Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅰ , respectively. Furthermore, treatment efficiency of the system in summer is obvious higher than that in other seasons. The expenditure of constructing the constructed wetland with the average treating capacity of 176 m^3/d and lifetime of 20 years is 17075.00 RMB. The average disposal cost is summed up to 0. 17 RMB/m^3 , which shows that the pretreatment of the micro-polluted Yellow River raw water by constructed wetland is feasible.     

典型含氮消毒副产物HNMs的最新研究进展

新型含氮消毒副产物卤代硝基甲烷(HNMs),由于其高毒性和在水中频繁检出,已经引起了全世界的广泛关注。系统阐述了HNMs生成势、形成机理、影响因素及控制方法的最新研究进展,并针对当前HNMs的研究现状,提出了今后研究的主要方向和亟待解决的问题。     

生物炭和活性炭吸附水中典型染料的研究

用竹屑生物炭和活性炭对染料废水中常见甲基橙进行对比吸附实验。考察吸附时间、甲基橙初始浓度、温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。同时对吸附剂表面进行FTIR、SEM、Bohem滴定法等检测,进一步探究吸附剂表面的化学性质。结果表明:竹屑生物炭比活性炭有更高的表面芳香度和更多种类和数量的含氧官能团,因此,竹炭对甲基橙的吸附效果比活性炭更好。活性炭的等温吸附行为比较符合Langmuir模型(R20.98),竹屑生物炭的吸附行为与Langmuir和Freundlich模型的拟合度都比较高(R20.95),说明竹屑生物炭吸附性能受物理化学等多方面因素的影响。活性炭的动力吸附行为较符合准一级动力学模型(R20.95),竹屑生物炭更符合二级动力学模型(R20.95)。两种吸附剂对甲基橙的吸附量均随着温度的升高而增加,热力学参数ΔG00,ΔH00,ΔS00,说明两种吸附剂对甲基橙的吸附是自发吸热的过程。     

初沉污泥和厨余垃圾的混合中温厌氧消化

对初沉污泥和厨余垃圾混合中温厌氧消化的可行性进行了研究。采用两种物料混合,其初沉污泥和垃圾按VS之比分别为3∶1和1∶1,HRT分别采用10d、13d、16d、20d。试验结果表明,在所有的反应器运行过程中,进料有机负荷为1.66~4.19gVS/(L·d),所有反应器系统中均没有出现如pH降低、碱度不足、氨抑制和VFA积累等抑制现象。在两种进料条件下,相应的VS去除率分别为61.8%~66.4%和67.5%~70.4%,甲烷产率分别为0.441~0.447L/gVS和0.47~0.482L/gVS。