喷管轴线、摆角等参数的红外光电探测

提出了一种基于多目视觉红外光电探测和圆锥曲面拟合的喷管轴线、摆角等参数估计方法.假定前端装有红外LED发光板和红外滤光片的4台高速相机实现了同步数据采集,且已完成标定.以红外反光标记球贴着喷管表面移动的大量三维坐标采样为基础,采用圆锥曲面拟合的方法求取喷管轴线的向量表示以及喷管圆锥曲面的虚拟顶点.通过喷管摆动的大量瞬时转轴拟合得到最小二乘意义上的摆动轴.将喷管轴线和摆动轴的公垂线与喷管轴线的交点作为摆心.喷管在摆动前后任意两时刻间的摆角可以用喷管上标记点的前后坐标到摆动轴的垂线向量的内积求得.摆角变化量除以时间间隔可得摆动角速度.摆动角速度的变化量除以时间间隔可得摆动角加速度.使用双轴摇摆-直线升降运动校准装置模拟喷管运动,摆心位移、摆角、摆动角速度和角加速度的测量误差分别为0.17mm、0.03°、0.12(°)/s、0.4(°)/s2.实验结果证明了算法的可行性.     

Center of rotation estimation for rocket nozzle by infrared reflective makers and image sequences

The determination of an accurate center of rotation of rocket motor nozzle or other object to be measured is of great interest across a wide range of applications,such as rocket,missile,robotics,industry,spaceflight,aviation and human motion analysis fields,particularly for clinical gait analysis.A new approach was proposed to estimate the moving objects’ instantaneous center of rotation and other motion parameters.The new method assumes that the two segment of object to be measured are rigid body which rotates around a center of rotation between each other relatively.The center of rotation varies with time in the global coordinate system but is fixed in the local coordinate system attached to each segment.The models of rocket motor nozzle and its movement were established.The arbitrary moving object’s corresponding to motion equations were deduced,and the least square closed-form solutions of the object’s motion parameters were figured out.It is assumed that the two high speed CCD cameras mounted on the 750 nm infrared(IR) filter are synchronized and calibrated in advance.The virtual simulation experiment using 3D coordinates of markers was conducted by synchronized stereo image sequences based on 6-DOF motion platform and the experimental results prove the feasibility of our algorithm.The test results show that the precision of x,y,z component on center of rotation is up to 0.14 mm,0.13 mm,0.15 mm.     

Three-dimensional motion parameters estimation from stereo image sequences based on infrared reflective markers

In this paper,an innovative 3D motion parameters estimation method from stereo image sequences based on infrared(IR) reflective markers is presented.It was assumed that two high speed CCD cameras had been calibrated previously.The method consists of the following steps:1) the coordinate of several markers and depth map for each stereo pair was determined from the sequences of stereo images by relations of markers’ coordinate the correspondence between markers was established,2) the 3D motion parameters of the target was computed based upon the matched markers’ coordinate,and 3) translated 3D motion parameters estimation into the problem of least square according to the movement model of the object to be measured.Without using line,curve or corner correspondence,this method can calculate the depth of these markers feature easily and quickly in contrast to traditional approaches.The two CCD cameras work on 200 f/s,and each processing cost time is about 3 ms.It was found that,by using several markers and a large number of stereo images,this method can improve the computational speed,robustness and numerical accuracy of the motion parameters in comparison with traditional methods.The virtual simulation experiment was conducted using synthesized stereo image sequences based on 6-DOF motion platform and the experimental results proved the validity of our approach and showed that the translation and rotation precision is up to 0.1 mm and 0.1°.     

基于自由运动的刚性球棒的像机内外参数标定

制作一种两端及中间各安装一个红外反光标志球的刚性球棒,不需要其它复杂标定装置,只要将这种特制的刚性球棒在测量空间内多次随意移动并摄取其图像,即可实现双像机标定。标定算法首先假定主点位于像面中心附近的某个位置,通过Hartley改进八点法求出基本矩阵,继而求出半标定矩阵并对其奇异值分解,再线性地求出焦距。接着求出本质矩阵,奇异值分解后得到旋转矩阵和比例因子意义下的平移向量。利用三角法确定刚性球棒两端点的重建坐标和距离,与标准距离对比确定比例因子。通过评价函数将像机标定转换成寻找两像机最佳主点配对的非线性最小化问题。运用改进的模拟退火进化策略算法迭代优化求解出最佳主点配对,继而求解出像机其它内外参数。与传统方法相比,本文方法不需要对球棒的运动做任何限制,并且能够同时求解出像机内、外参数,改进的模拟退火进化策略算法改善了全局收敛性能并加快了收敛速度。     

污水处理厂节能减排实现路径研究

改良污水的出水水质、降低处理成本，是各大污水处理厂当前的首要任务。相对于其他环节，污水处理厂的能源消耗部分是最易实施节约的突破口，所以结合能源的实际使用情况，有效提高能源的使用效率，是提高污水处理厂经济效益的有效手段。，本文主要是对污水处理厂能源消耗的现状进行分析，并联系实际现状，对污水处理厂节能减排的实现路径展开初步探究。