气液并流吸收过程中液相近界面浓度分布的全息干涉测量

1 INTRODUCTION Mass transfer across free interface of gas-liquid flow is of extensive importance and is encountered in most industrial applications. A close investigation of concentration distribution near the interface is helpful to understand mass transfer phenomena, to guide the development of transport theories, and to optimize the design of gas-liquid contact equipment. Laser holographic interference technique provides a precise and noncontact measurement method for measuring the tran…     

提高发酵过程乙醇分离效率的新型反应器

设计了一种新型的带侧臂循环的气升式反应器,该反应器可以有效地把真空闪蒸发酵和汽提发酵2项技术结合起来。实验结果表明,与单独的汽提和闪蒸过程相比,利用此反应器进行同步汽提闪蒸操作,大大提高了乙醇的移出效率,从而进一步提高了发酵强度。     

硫酸锶晶体生长动力学研究

为了从控制晶体生长角度，说明制备纳米硫酸锶沉淀体系中存在的EDTA对产品粒径的影响作用，根据过程机理，用恒组成法研究硫酸锶晶体生长动力学。根据叠加模型和弱化模型，建立体系中有EDTA存在时，硫酸锶沉淀过程的晶体生长动力学模型。结果表明，硫酸锶沉淀过程中晶体生长属于表面反应控制机理。EDTA存在能降低晶体生长速率，有利于减小粉体粒径。     

叔丁醇-水-钾盐体系液液相平衡的研究

将氮化钾或碳酸钾加入到叔丁醇—水体系中时，可产生水富集相和叔丁醉富集相。实验测定了叔丁醇-水—氮化钾、叔丁醇—水—碳酸钾体系在25℃时的液液相平衡数据。结果表明，当水相中氮化钾或碳酸钾浓度较高时产生的叔丁醇富集相中含有可以忽略的盐，水富集相中含有可以忽略的叔丁醇，因此用氮化钾或碳酸钾可以成功地分离叔丁醇-水体系。采用Pitzer方程计算富水相中水的活度，用Wilson、NRTL或UNIQUAC方程计算富有机相中水的活度，将二者结合对液液相平衡数据进行理论计算，计算值与实验值符合较好。     

最优化技术在精馏过程综合中的应用及研究进展

数学最优化技术在过程系统综合中起着重要作用。本文综述了混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)和随机优化两类最优化方法在多组分精馏过程综合中的应用及取得的新成果。首先对离散流程结构的表达方法、MINLP模型的建立和求解方法、以及各种方法的优缺点等方面进行了比较分析；随后提出了一种新的可包括复杂精馏结构的编码表达法及一个求解混合变量问题的随机优化策略；最后对该领域发展提出展望。     

常压产品凝点数学模型的研究

采用某炼厂取得的实际操作数据,建立了凝点与20℃时的相对密度和常压恩氏蒸馏数据关联的数学模型.建立的常压塔产品凝点预测模型,含有6参数、9个系数,方程形式简单,只需要很少数据,就可以进行快速计算和预测.对于常压塔,模型的复相关系数为0.993 9,平均误差为1.522 7℃.     

CO2-乙醇体系中界面对流的混合格子Boltzmann方法三维模拟及实验验证（英文）

By using a hybrid lattice-Boltzmann–finite-difference method (hybrid LBM–FDM method), three-dimensional simulations of solutal interfacial convection were conducted for the process of CO2 absorption into ethanol. A self-renewal interface model is adopted as an interfacial perturbation model. The simulation results revealed some three-dimensional features of the induced interfacial convection, such as the development of diverging cellular flow and Rayleigh plume-like convection in liquid phase. The concentration distribution of the simulation result is validated and found to be in wel agreement with the Schlieren visualization results qualitatively. Addi-tionally, the mass transfer enhancements by interfacial convection were investigated via both simulation and experiment for the absorption process, and the mass transfer is shown to be enhanced by the interfacial convec-tion by about two-fold comparing with that by diffusion.     

萃取精馏的计算传质学模拟与实验验证

提出了萃取精馏过程模拟的计算传质学方法,并针对以N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂分离苯和噻吩的萃取精馏过程进行了模拟计算。在散堆填料实验塔内进行了相同的萃取精馏实验,得到了萃取精馏塔内浓度分布。将模拟计算结果与实验结果进行比较表明,提出的计算传质学方法能够有效预测萃取精馏塔内浓度和速度分布,为萃取精馏过程设计提供依据。     

热集成复杂精馏流程综合的随机最优化方法

This paper addresses the application of stochastic optimization approaches to the synthesis of heat integrated complex distillation system, which is characterized by large-scale combinatorial feature. Conventional and complex columns, thermally coupled (linked) side strippers and side rectifiers as well as heat integration between the different columns axe simultaneously considered. The problem is formulated as an MINLP (mixed-integer nonlinear programming) problem. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to deal with the MINLP problem and a shortcut method is applied to evaluate all required design paxameters as well as the total cost function. Two illustrating examples are presented.     

油品分馏塔产品凝点数学模型

采用某炼厂取得的实际操作数据,建立了凝点与操作参数关联的数学模型,并建立了凝点与20℃时的相对密度和常压恩氏蒸馏数据关联的数学模型,并对凝点与操作参数相关联的预测模型进行了验证。建立的常压塔产品凝点预测模型,含有6～8个参数、9～14个系数,方程形式简单,在预测计算中没有任何迭代计算,也不用求最优点,更不用进行分馏塔的复杂严格模拟计算,只需要很少数据,就可以进行快速计算和预测。对于常压塔,模型的复相关系数分别为0．9929和0．9939,平均误差分别为1．5767℃和1．5227℃。