考虑土拱效应的滑移面间竖向应力研究

假定活动门上方无黏性土滑移面为抛物线形,以滑移面间水平薄层作为分析单元,根据分析单元的静力平衡条件,推导了活动门上方侧压力系数和竖向应力计算公式。研究了模型高宽比、土体内摩擦角对竖向应力的影响。结果表明:模型高宽比、内摩擦角越大,竖向应力越小,土拱效应越明显。求解得到的竖向应力较前人理论结果更接近数值模拟结果,且当滑移面竖直时的计算结果与Terzaghi理论结果吻合较好,验证了计算方法的正确性和合理性.     

Triaxial compression strength for artificial frozen clay with thermal gradient

A series of triaxial compression tests for frozen clay were performed by K0DCGF (freezing with non-uniform temperature under loading after K0 consolidation) method and GFC (freezing with non-uniform temperature without experiencing K0 consolidation) method at various confining pressures and thermal gradients. The experimental results indicate that the triaxial compression strength for frozen clay in K0DCGF test increases with the increase of confining pressure, but it decreases as the confining pressure increases further in GFC test. In other words, the compression strength for frozen clay with identical confining pressure decreases with the increase in thermal gradient both in K0DCGF test and GFC test. The strength of frozen clay in K0DCGF test is dependent of pore ice strength, soil particle strength and interaction between soil skeleton and pore ice. The decrease of water content and distance between soil particles leads to the decrease of pore size and the increase of contact area between particles in K0DCGF test, which further results in a higher compression strength than that in GFC test. The compression strength for frozen clay with thermal gradient can be descried by strength for frozen clay with a uniform temperature identical to the temperature at the height of specimen where the maximum tensile stress appears.     

颗粒破碎对砂土剪切性质影响的离散单元研究

采用离散单元方法,建立了圆形颗粒、不破碎非圆形颗粒和破碎非圆形颗粒的数值试验模型,进行了砂土的双轴剪切试验,研究了颗粒破碎现象对砂土物理力学性质的影响,分析了颗粒破碎和颗粒形状对试样强度的影响以及围压对颗粒破碎性质的影响。研究结果表明：颗粒破碎现象严重影响砂土的峰值强度以及体积应变性质,并且低围压下颗粒形状对强度影响大于颗粒破碎,随着围压增大,颗粒破碎的影响逐渐增强;围压影响颗粒破碎发生的速率和最终的破碎率;由对颗粒破碎的位置和试样内位移场的追踪可得到颗粒破碎的细观演化规律及破碎带的分布范围,破碎带分布范围与围压有关。     

Earth pressure coefficient at rest during secondary compression

In order to obtain the earth pressure coefficient at rest (K ₀) at higher consolidation pressures during secondary compression, a series of K ₀ tests for saturated reconstituted clay were conducted. The results indicate that the measured K ₀ in secondary compression can be described by equations related to internal friction angle, secondary compression coefficient, compression index, recompression index, and sediment time. Effects of consolidation pressures and sediment time on K ₀ during secondary compression can be attributed to cementation (part of cohesion) increase and internal friction angle decrease. Cementation increase leads to nonlinear variation for K ₀ and internal friction angle decrease results in increase of K ₀. K ₀ computed by equations associated with internal friction angle is overestimated at apparent lower consolidation pressures with different sediment time, which agrees with the measured values well at apparent higher consolidation pressures.     

基于颗粒流的筒形挡土墙土压力研究

采用PFC3D颗粒流研究筒形挡土墙土压力随墙体位移的变化规律,分析达到主动极限状态时墙周土体的应力、孔隙率等因素的变化规律。结果表明:作用在筒形挡土墙上的土压力随着墙体位移的增加,土压力逐渐减小,最后趋于定值。达到极限平衡状态时,墙后土体中主应力偏转,形成了小主应力拱轨迹;高度h较小时,靠近墙体处形成了环拱效应,环向应力增大,孔隙率减小;随着高度h逐渐增大,环拱效应区域逐渐远离墙体,环拱效应减弱。将数值模拟结果与现有理论结果比较可知,现有理论中均未考虑空间拱效应,得到的结果与数值模拟结果存在差异。     

不同剪切模量砂岩的相似材料配比设计

为了研究深埋孔隙型富含水砂岩地层段的井壁受力及围岩与井壁的相互作用机理,进行了室内大型物理模拟试验。并通过相似材料配比试验获得了两种不同剪切模量砂岩的相似配比,用以在大型物理模拟试验中对应模拟两不同深度段的原型砂岩。同时,通过配比试验结果发现影响相似材料强度及剪切模量的两主要因素为水胶比和胶结材料含量,具体表现为,随着水胶比的减小,试件的单轴抗压强度及剪切模量均呈增大趋势,而胶结材料水泥含量少则是造成部分试件强度低的根本原因。最后,通过分析二者的影响方式以及依据已获得的试验规律,提出了进一步获得更大剪切模量砂岩相似材料配比设计的基本思路。     

岩土工程磁力模型实验土体相似材料的研制

岩土工程磁力模型利用电磁力场来模拟重力场进行岩土工程问题的研究,模型中模型尺寸缩小n倍,重力加速度增加n倍,材料的容重、粘聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量和泊松比等力学参数均可采用原型参数。基于正交实验设计方法研制了一种可用于磁力模型的磁敏性土体相似材料,材料选用石英砂为骨料,膨润土和双飞粉为胶结料,铁氧体为掺料。实验表明,新材料的容重为19～25kN/m2;粘聚力为0～54kPa,内摩擦角7～31°,可在地质力学与岩土工程磁力模型实验中模拟范围较广的土体材料。对相似材料进行力学实验,研究了磁粉含量与材料力学指标的变化关系。     

考虑土拱效应的倾斜挡墙土压力研究

针对现有主要研究竖直挡墙间土压力,而缺少研究倾斜挡墙间土压力的现状,研究了具有一定倾斜角度的挡墙土压力。通过假定挡墙与水平面呈夹角α,对挡墙间土体沿竖向取水平薄层作为微分单元体,通过作用在单元体上的水平力和竖向力的平衡条件,得到考虑土拱效应及倾斜角度的挡墙土压力理论公式,及对应不同倾斜角度和摩擦角的系数Kw计算公式,并与Handy理论土压力公式进行了比较分析。结果表明：当墙体竖直时,本文公式与Handy理论公式得到的结果一致。倾斜角度越小,竖向应力值越小,而挡墙上土压力值则越大,土拱效应发挥效果越好;Kw随着摩擦角的增大而增大,随内摩擦角的增大而减小。Kw与K′之间的差值随着内摩擦角、摩擦角的增大而增大,随倾斜角度的增大则减小,当墙体非竖直时,采用侧压力系数K′计算挡墙上土压力值存在风险。     

温度梯度冻土压缩变形破坏特征及能量规律

采用K₀DCGF（K₀固结—保持荷载冻结—形成温度梯度—再试验）方法,开展2种温度梯度冻结饱和黏土在3种固结压力下的恒围压加轴压剪切试验(CTC),研究温度梯度和固结应力对冻结饱和黏土变形破坏特征和能量规律的影响机制。结果表明：K₀DCGF模式中温度梯度冻结饱和黏土呈脆性破坏特征,而均匀温度冻结饱和黏土呈塑性破坏特征;温度梯度冻结饱和黏土在CTC路径中的变形破坏过程可用3个阶段描述：弹性变形阶段,峰值应力前对应的微裂隙或微孔洞萌生阶段,峰值应力后对应的裂纹扩展贯通阶段;随温度梯度和固结应力增加冻土存储的可释放弹性应变能与外荷载所产生的总输入能量的比例逐渐增加,这与K₀DCGF模式中冻结饱和黏土的脆性破坏特征与固结应力以及温度梯度之间关系基本对应。