Viscoelastic properties of monodisperse spherical silica suspension

The viscoelastic properties of the suspension of monodisperse spherical silica produced by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in alcohol solvent with ammonia as a catalyst in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were studied. The results show that the SiO2/PEG suspension possesses the reversible shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors. In the shear thinning region, the loss modulus (G″) almost remains unchanged, whereas the storage modulus (G′) decreases. In the shear thickening region, G″ and G′ increase for the formation of the "clusters". The larger G″ over G′ in all the stress studied shows that the system mainly possesses the viscous property, and that the energy dissipated(Ed) is larger than that stored. Ed of this suspension is proportional to the maximum strain (γmax) rising with the exponent of 1.92 under low shear stress; however, in the shear thickening region, Ed is proportional to γmax rising with the exponent of 5.00.     

浸渍法制备VRB用ZrP/PE01复合膜

用浸渍法制备了磷酸锆(ZrP)/PE01复合膜.SEM、电子显微探针分析(EMPA)测试表明:复合膜的表面和内部都有α-ZrP沉积.在0.05 mol/L H2SO4中静态的质子导电性测试证实,复合膜/溶液界面双电层对质子传导具有重要影响.几种价态钒离子渗透率P的大小为:PE01＞ ZrP6/PE01＞ ZrP12/PE01＞ ZrP24/PE01.以PE01膜和ZrP24/PE01膜作为隔膜的全钒液流电池,在电流密度为30 mA/cm2、40 mA/cm2和50 mA/cm2时,库仑效率分别由90.19％、93.09％和94.06％提高到92.42％、94.35％和95.12％,能量效率分别由66.68％、66.09％和61.85％提高到68.01％、67.77％和64.01％.     

介质黏度对PCC分散体系流变行为的影响

在AR2000ex型流变仪上对沉淀碳酸钙(Precipitated calcium carbonate,PCC)在PEG(聚乙二醇)悬浮体系进行稳态剪切流变实验。通过2种方法来改变分散体系黏度:1)以PEG200(相对分子质量为200)为连续相,分散体系以10℃为间隔从10℃上升至50℃;2)在30℃用相同的聚合物3种不同相对分子质量的PEG(PEG200、PEG400和PEG600)。结果表明随着温度升高,PCC/PEG200分散体系的临界剪切速率越来越大。在剪切增稠区内流动指数N随温度升高而降低,稠度系数K随着温度升高而升高。临界剪切速率以及临界剪切黏度与温度严格满足Arrhenius关系:η=A exp[Ea/(RT)]。研究发现随温度的变化临界剪切应力不变。随着PEG的相对分子质量增加,分散体系的黏度增加,临界剪切增稠速率减小。PCC粉末的分形结构以及聚集体的形貌使得体系的相对黏度远大于硬球体系的相对黏度。     

Magneli phase titanium sub-oxide conductive ceramic TinO2n-1 as support for electrocatalyst toward oxygen reduction reaction with high activity and stability

Magneli phase titanium sub-oxide conductive ceramic Tin O2n-1 was used as the support for Pt due to its excellent resistance to electrochemical oxidation, and Pt/Tin O2n-1 composites were prepared by the impregnation-reduction method. The electrochemical stability of Tin O2n-1 was investigated and the results show almost no change in the redox region after oxidation for 20 h at 1.2 V(vs NHE) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution. The catalytic activity and stability of the Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution were investigated through the accelerated aging tests(AAT), and the morphology of the catalysts before and after the AAT was observed by transmission electron microscopy. At the potential of 0.55 V(vs SCE), the specific kinetic current density of the ORR on the Pt/Tin O2n-1 is about 1.5 times that of the Pt/C. The LSV curves for the Pt/C shift negatively obviously with the half-wave potential shifting about 0.02 V after 8000 cycles AAT, while no obvious change takes place for the LSV curves for the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The Pt particles supported on the carbon aggregate obviously, while the morphology of the Pt supported on Tin O2n-1 remains almost unchanged, which contributes to the electrochemical surface area loss of Pt/C being about 2times that of the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The superior catalytic stability of Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the ORR could be attributed to the excellent stability of the Tin O2n-1 and the electronic interaction between the metals and the support.     

Rheological behavior of fumed silica suspension in polyethylene glycol

The rheological behavior of fumed silica suspensions in polyethylene glycol（PEG） was studied at steady and oscillatory shear stress using AR 2000 stress controlled rheometer. The systems show reversible shear thickening behavior and the shear-thickening behavior can be explained by the clustering mechanism. The viscosity and the degree of shear-thickening of the systems strongly depend on the mass fraction of the silica, the molecular weigh of PEG and the frequency used in the rheological measurement. The silica volume fraction of the systems is 1.16%- 3. 62%, corresponding to the mass fraction of 4%- 9%. The shear-thickening taking place in the low volume fraction may contribute to the fractal nature of the silica. At oscillatory shear stress, when the shear stress is less than the critical stress, the storage modulus decreases significantly, meanwhile the loss modulus and the complex viscosity almost remain unchanged; when the shear stress is larger than the critical stress, the storage modulus, the loss modulus and the complex viscosity increase with the increase of shear stress. The loss modulus is larger than the storage modulus in the range of stress studied and both moduli depend on frequency.     

溶剂热法合成CoS纳米晶及其表征

以六水合硝酸钴(Co(NO3)2·6H2O)和硫脲为原料,采用混合溶剂热法制备硫化钴(COS)纳米晶.利用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对硫化钴纳米晶的组成、粒径及表面形貌进行表征.结果表明,在180℃恒温条件下所得粉末样品为六方相CoS纳米粉末,粉末粒径在40nim左右.粉末的产率随温度...     

制备路线对碱性介质氧还原反应电催化剂Ag-MnO_x/C催化活性的影响（英文）

通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜以及能谱分析和电化学方法考察制备路线对氧还原反应(ORR)电催化剂Ag-MnOx/C物理性能及其催化活性的影响。结果表明:通过两步法制得的催化剂(Ag-MnOx/C-2)的表面Ag和Mn含量比一步法制备样品(Ag-MnOx/C-1)的高,这使得Ag-MnOx/C-2具有更高的催化活性。Ag-MnOx/C-2表面ORR的电子转移数高于Ag-MnOx/C-1的电子转移数,且在-0.60 V(相对于Hg/HgO)处的比质量动力学电流为46 mA/μg,为Ag/C的23倍。以Ag-MnOx/C-2为阴极催化剂组装的锌-空气电池的最高能量密度高达117 m W/cm2。     

对羟基苯甲酸自组装膜对铜的缓蚀作用

利用自组装技术将对羟基苯甲酸在铜表面形成自组装单分子膜,利用电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线研究了自组装膜对铜的缓蚀作用及其吸附行为。结果表明,对羟基苯甲酸分子易在铜表面形成稳定的自组装单分子膜,该膜抑制了铜的阳极氧化过程,改变了电极表面的双电层结构,固/液界面双电层电容明显降低,有良好的缓蚀效果。研究结果还表明,对羟基苯甲酸在铜表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附机理是典型的物理吸附。     

共混法制备硅酸镁锂/PAAS/KOH/H2O凝胶电解质

以硅酸镁锂(M LS)、聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)及KOH为原料,采用共混法制备了MLS/PAAS/KOH/H2O复合无机碱性凝胶电解质.采用交流阻抗、循环伏安和恒流充放电测试对样品进行研究.室温时,制备的凝胶电解质具有与6 mol/L KOH溶液同一数量级的电导率电化学稳定窗口约为1.6V;以m(MLS)∶m(PAAS)...     

PVA-KOH-TiO2-H2O复合碱性固态聚合物电解质

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)与二氧化钛(TiO2)和氢氧化钾(KOH)为原料,运用溶液浇铸法制备PVA-KOH-TiO2-H2O复合碱性聚合物电解质(ASPE)。以X射线衍射(XRD)、差热扫描(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗法(AC)对复合膜的结构和性能进行表征。XRD和DSC分析表明TiO2的加入可以增加PVA基体的无定形比例。PVA-KOH-TiO2-H2O ASPE显示了良好的电化学性能,水含量为50%,室温(20℃)离子电导率在0.102～0.171S/cm之间;以不锈钢为阻塞电极测得膜的电化学稳定窗口为±1.2V。以PVA-KOH-TiO2-H2O ASPE组装的固态聚合物电解质电容器首次放电比电容为44F/g,1000次循环后比电容为33F/g,其恒流充放电、循环伏安、交流阻抗测试均显示了良好的电容性能。