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排序方式: 共有89条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
An investigation of the role of paraffin wax in the catalytic cracking of wax-bearing petroleum distillates has been carried out in a fixed-bed reactor containing La-Y catalyst over a temperature range from 482° to 524°C. By using the concept of initial product selectivity derived from the time-on-stream theory of catalyst decay, it was found that increasing the wax content of the feedstocks resulted in an increase in the yield of C5+ gasoline and a decrease in the yields of most of the gaseous products and of coke. Ethane and propylene and the olefin content of the gasoline increased in yield with the addition of wax. The mixing of cracking feedstocks has only a linear effect on the reactivity and no synergistic effects in any of the observed properties of the reaction are in fact observed. 相似文献
2.
Bohdan Schneider Jan Štokr Pavel Schmidt Marian Mihailov Stoil Dirlikov Nadezhda Peeva 《Polymer》1979,20(6):705-712
Infrared and Raman spectra of atactic PMMA and infrared spectra of stereoregular PMMA and of its four deuterated derivatives , were measured. They were used to assign the bands of stretching and deformation vibrations of CH2, CCH3 and OCH3 groups in the infrared and Raman spectra and to discuss the effect of stereoregularity on these bands in the infrared spectra. 相似文献
3.
Edmund F. Jordan Bohdan Artymyshyn George R. Riser Jonathan Nidock A. N. Wrigley 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1973,17(5):1545-1568
Vinyl stearate was studied as a major internal plasticizer in terpolymers containing vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride. The terpolymers were prepared by systematically replacing vinyl acetate by close increments of vinyl stearate starting with combinations of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, in increments, over all compositions. For comparison of properties, a complete range of copolymers of vinyl stearate and vinyl chloride, as well as mixtures of poly(vinyl chloride) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) were also made. The external plasticizer was more efficient in reducing the glass temperature than was vinyl stearate. The decline in Tg with weight fraction of plasticizer was linear for the copolymers and terpolymers but concave downward with the liquid diluent. The linear decline was shown to involve mere additivity of the free volume contributed by each side-chain methylene (or methyl) group in both vinyl esters to reducing Tg. The mechanism of the diluent system was more complex. However, the magnitude of the reduction of tensile modulus at a given weight fraction of DOP could be equaled or exceeded by the same amount of vinyl stearate, by increasing the vinyl acetate content of the base copolymer to 40 mole-% or more. Unfortunately, the ultimate strengths and elongations of internally plasticized systems were reduced more than those of the mixtures at comparable compositions. Vinyl stearate was found to markedly retard photolytic degradation compared to both vinyl acetate and the external plasticizer in unstabilized samples having nearly the same thermal treatment. The effect was greater than could be ascribed to dilution by the long alkyl group. The production of a stearoyl radical more stable than the radicals initiating dehydrochlorination is suggested as a possible mechanism. 相似文献
4.
5.
Edmund F. Jordan George R. Riser Bohdan Artymyshyn Winfred E. Parker John W. Pensabene A. N. Wrigley 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1969,13(8):1777-1794
Mechanical and solution properties, melting transitions, torsional stiffness temperatures, Tf, and selected modulus-temperature curves are presented for copolymers of the N-n-alkylacrylamides with vinylidene chloride. Copolymers were prepared at 60°C across the range of compositions, using as comonomers N-n-butyl-, octyl-, dodecyl- and oleyl-acrylamide, which have amorphous side-chains, and N-n-octadecyl acrylamide and n-octadecyl acrylate whose side-chains are crystalline. The mechanical properties reflected the effect of the decline in backbone crystallinity and the simultaneous development of strong intermolecular interactions in the amorphous stage. Copolymers were stiff or showed brittle failure across the compositional range except when intermolecular forces were reduced (with n-octadrcyl acrylate) and side-chain crystallization eliminated (with N-oleylacrylamide). These systems and the n-dodecylacrylamide copolymers had yield strengths less than brittle strengths and substantial elongations. Backbone crystallinity was eliminated at about 15 mole % amide and side-chain crystallinity vanished at less than 10 mole % of the amide in the N-n-octadecylacrylamide series. No depression in side-chain melting point occurred with dilution by segments of vinylidene chloride. Over-all decline in the flex-temperature was the normal monotonic function of composition except that values increased in magnitude at high vinylidene chloride contents, the effect presumably being caused by the presence of crystallinity. An empirical equation was developed which permitted the calculation of Tf for any N-n-alkylacrylamide composition with any number of carbon atoms in the side-chain, above 3. 相似文献
6.
Edmund F. Jordan Steven Smith Ronald E. Koos Winfred E. Parker Bohdan Artymyshyn A. N. Wrigley 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1978,22(6):1509-1528
Compositionally and structurally varied copolymers all containing n-octadecyl acrylate were prepared and evaluated as viscosity index improvers in a common base oil under conditions of low shear. Systems evaluated over a range of copolymer and blend composition were: copolymers of n-octadecyl acrylate with, respectively, methyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and n-dodecyl acrylate; and homopolymers of poly(n-octadecyl acrylate), prepared with a wide range of molecular weights. Properties were compared with those of blends of commercial methacrylate copolymers (acryloids) which had been freed of their entraining liquid. Mixtures of base oil with copolymers of n-octadecyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, compared at fixed SAE viscosities, were the most efficient of all blends studied. They had the smallest rate of change of viscosity with temperature (as measured by their ASTM slopes), particularly in the composition region of incipient polymer precipitation at room temperature. Efficiency of certain of these composition was somewhat greater than that of the acryloids. A parameter that related concentration and weight-average molecular weight was used to correlate all of the data for ASTM slope and viscosity. Empirical relations developed by using this parameter enabled rheological data to be estimated that agree within 6% of experimental values for the case of thermodynamically good base oil solvents. These data demonstrated the relatively small contributions of copolymer structure to viscosity index improvement. 相似文献
7.
Bohdan Węglowski Marcin Pilarczyk 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2018,32(3):1087-1098
The aim of this work is to present a method to determine the transient-state spatial temperature distribution in a cylindrical component. The presented method involves solving the inverse heat conduction problem based on the Finite volume method (FVM). This approach enables determination of transient-state temperature fields with boundary conditions known on one surface of the component only. The proposed method is verified using the laboratory installation located at the Cracow University of Technology. The main components of the laboratory stand are, among others, a steam outlet header and a steam boiler. During the experiment, the steam header is heated up abruptly from the inside by contact with dry saturated steam. The spatial transient-state temperature distribution within the steam outlet header is determined using the proposed method, which is based on temperature measurements made by 19 thermocouples located on the outer surface of the component. The temperature histories in three selected nodes are compared with the measurement results obtained from thermocouples located inside the component wall. The exact location of the thermocouples corresponds to the nodal position at selected control volumes. Moreover, the Ansys Mechanical APDL software is used to verify calculations and experimental data. A transient- state simulation is performed. The temperature histories at the inner and outer surfaces are set as the model boundary conditions. In order to enable verification of the temperature measurements, the component discrete model includes nodes at appropriate locations. An error analysis is performed between calculated and measured temperature values. The results obtained from the numerical and experimental validation demonstrate fully satisfactory agreement. Additionally, a stress analysis of the outlet header is performed in the Ansys software based on the transient-state temperature distribution within the steam outlet header. The method proposed in this paper is a convenient and accurate tool for monitoring working conditions of the power boiler thick-walled components. 相似文献
8.
We report on electron spin resonance (ESR) investigations of a FeVO4 single crystal. Temperature and angular dependences of ESR resonance positions were measured and calculated in temperature range of 35–100 K. The spectra show rich angular dependences of the linewidth, the shape and the resonance field. They consist of a single broad line with asymmetric distortion. Due to the low symmetry of the crystal lattice this distortion can be explained by taking into account the influence of non diagonal dynamic susceptibility. 相似文献
9.
Frantisek Lopot Bohdan Nejedlý Sylvie Sulková 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2004,8(1):39-44
Quotidian or “daily" hemodialysis (DHD) is practiced in widely differing schedules. Yet all those schedules are reported to significantly ameliorate clinical outcome of patients. It is, however, not clear what is the actual cause of this amelioration. Rational possibilities include increased overall dialysis dose and increased weekly time. Conventional mathematical approaches (Kt/Vurea concept, equivalent renal clearance) cannot be used to study those issues because they do not consider number of dialysis per week and thus ignore the issue of treatment schedule “unphysiology.” The time average concentration/time average deviation (TAC/TAD) concept may well be used to visualize impact of treatment schedule on both plasma urea profile statics (TAC) and dynamics (TAD). The concept may further help to stratify studies for elucidation of the key factors of clinical outcome improvement seen on DHD. Actual physiologic mechanisms responsible for this improvement are to be sought among those with having derivative component (i.e., reacting to the rate of a change rather than to the magnitude of the change). It should, however, be kept in mind that the TAC/TAD concept is able to assess unphysiology of a treatment schedule, not unphysiology of a single treatment session. 相似文献
10.
Bernard Piechal Milan MrozowiczRoland Bohdan Filip Dyba?aWitold Trzeciakowski 《Optical Materials》2012,34(4):711-715
The changes of the optical power of Gradient Index (GRIN) lenses occurring in hydrostatic pressures of the range of 0-2 GPa are investigated. The measurements of the position of the waist of the semiconductor laser beam revealed the increase of the optical power of the lenses with increasing pressure. The use of the special plano-concave lenses insensitive to the changes of the refractive index of the pressure medium allowed to attribute the changes to the increasing index gradient in GRIN material. The effect has been explained within the frame of Mueller’s theory of photoelasticity. The findings have been then confirmed in experiments with the plano-planar and plano-convex lenses of the same materials. 相似文献