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Double‐layered hydrogels of super‐macroporous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) cryogel core and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) hydrogel outer layer for encapsulation of the enzyme urease were constructed. The enzyme was entrapped into the pores of PHEMA cryogel by soaking and then the core was covered with a PEO layer. The leaking of urease from the core was prevented when the density of the PEO network was increased by incorporation of the crosslinking agent, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. The hybrid system exhibited a nearly constant enzyme activity with time and maintained its structural integrity after several reactions of hydrolysis of urea. The potential of double‐layered hydrogels containing urease for establishment of water pollution with copper was investigated as well. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Denitza Denkova Niels Verellen Alejandro V. Silhanek Pol Van Dorpe Victor V. Moshchalkov 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,10(10):1959-1966
The design of many promising, newly emerging classes of photonic metamaterials and subwavelength confinement structures requires detailed knowledge and understanding of the electromagnetic near‐field interactions between their building blocks. While the electric field distributions and, respectively, the electric interactions of different nanostructures can be routinely measured, for example, by scattering near‐field microscopy, only recently experimental methods for imaging the magnetic field distributions became available. In this paper, we provide direct experimental maps of the lateral magnetic near‐field distributions of variously shaped plasmonic nanoantennas by using hollow‐pyramid aperture scanning near‐field optical microscopy (SNOM). We study both simple plasmonic nanoresonators, such as bars, disks, rings and more complex antennas. For the studied structures, the magnetic near‐field distributions of the complex resonators have been found to be a superposition of the magnetic near‐fields of the individual constituting elements. These experimental results, explained and validated by numerical simulations, open new possibilities for engineering and characterization of complex plasmonic antennas with increased functionality. 相似文献
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Denitza T. Krasteva Layne T. Watson Chuck Baker Bernard Grossman William H. Mason Raphael T. Haftka 《Concurrency and Computation》1999,11(8):435-459
Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) for large-scale engineering problems poses many challenges (e.g. the design of an efficient concurrent paradigm for global optimization based on disciplinary analyses, expensive computations over vast data sets, etc.). This work focuses on the application of distributed schemes for massively parallel architectures to MDO problems, as a tool for reducing computation time and solving larger problems. The specific problem considered here is configuration optimization of a high speed civil transport (HSCT), and the efficient parallelization of the embedded paradigm for reasonable design space identification. Two distributed dynamic load balancing techniques (random polling and global round robin with message combining) and two necessary termination detection schemes (global task count and token passing) were implemented and evaluated in terms of effectiveness and scalability to large problem sizes and a thousand processors. The effect of certain parameters on execution time was also inspected. Empirical results demonstrated stable performance and effectiveness for all schemes, and the parametric study showed that the selected algorithmic parameters have a negligible effect on performance. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Plasmonics: Plasmon‐Enhanced Sub‐Wavelength Laser Ablation: Plasmonic Nanojets (Adv. Mater. 10/2012)
Ventsislav K. Valev Denitza Denkova Xuezhi Zheng Arseniy I. Kuznetsov Carsten Reinhardt Boris N. Chichkov Gichka Tsutsumanova Edward J. Osley Veselin Petkov Ben De Clercq Alejandro V. Silhanek Yogesh Jeyaram Vladimir Volskiy Paul A. Warburton Guy A. E. Vandenbosch Stoyan Russev Oleg A. Aktsipetrov Marcel Ameloot Victor V. Moshchalkov Thierry Verbiest 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2012,24(10):OP28-OP28
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We present experiments on the melt and crystal morphology of a asymmetric semi-crystalline poly(ethylene/butylene-b-ethyleneoxide) diblock copolymer (PBh-b-PEO) in bulk as well as in thin films. Simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering combined with AFM and TEM images reveal in the melt a bulk morphology of hexagonally packed cylinders of PEO in a PBh matrix, that transforms into a hexagonal perforated lamellar phase upon crystallization. X-ray reflectivity of thin films of PBh-b-PEO in the melt indicates wetting layers at the top and bottom interfaces, which force the cylinders in the interior to orient parallel to the substrate. Crystallization of the PEO block leads to roughening of the air/film interface and causes lateral structuring coexisting with planar lamellar layers in thinner films. 相似文献
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Valev VK Denkova D Zheng X Kuznetsov AI Reinhardt C Chichkov BN Tsutsumanova G Osley EJ Petkov V De Clercq B Silhanek AV Jeyaram Y Volskiy V Warburton PA Vandenbosch GA Russev S Aktsipetrov OA Ameloot M Moshchalkov VV Verbiest T 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2012,24(10):OP29-OP35
In response to the incident light's electric field, the electron density oscillates in the plasmonic hotspots producing an electric current. Associated Ohmic losses raise the temperature of the material within the plasmonic hotspot above the melting point. A nanojet and nanosphere ejection can then be observed precisely from the plasmonic hotspots. 相似文献
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Sergey Kruk Alexey Slobozhanyuk Denitza Denkova Alexander Poddubny Ivan Kravchenko Andrey Miroshnichenko Dragomir Neshev Yuri Kivshar 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(11)
Recently introduced field of topological photonics aims to explore the concepts of topological insulators for novel phenomena in optics. Here polymeric chains of subwavelength silicon nanodisks are studied and it is demonstrated that these chains can support two types of topological edge modes based on magnetic and electric Mie resonances, and their topological properties are fully dictated by the spatial arrangement of the nanoparticles in the chain. It is observed experimentally and described how theoretically topological phase transitions at the nanoscale define a change from trivial to nontrivial topological states when the edge mode is excited. 相似文献
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