Investigation of the properties,structure, and corrosion resistance of the new alloy KhN30MDB

Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftyanoe Mashinostroenie, No. 3, pp. 30–32, March, 1992.     

Potassium sorbate solutions as copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) based slurries

Copper depassivation and repassivation characteristics in potassium sorbate solutions, subsequent to mechanical abrading are reported. The identification of copper repassivation kinetics obtained subsequent to mechanical damage of copper protective films formed in sorbate based solutions is discussed. The repassivation rate of copper in sorbate based solutions was measured by means of a slurryjet system capable of measuring single particle impingments on microelectrodes. Copper repassivation rates measured by this slurryjet system in sulfate solutions containing 10 g L⁻¹ potassium sorbate were found to be in the range of 0.5-1.5 ms. An increase in the potassium sorbate concentration leads to a decrease in copper repassivation time at potentials ranging from 200 to 600 mV_Ag/AgCl. The impingement angle between the copper surface and a single abrasive particle has no impact on copper repassivation time nor peak current (I_max) values. XPS studies revealed that copper passivation in potassium based solution was due to the formation of a thin film which is constituted of: Cu₂O, Cu(OH)₂ and Cu(II)-sorbate, while copper(II)-sorbate is mainly present at the top levels of the passive film. It is therefore recommended that the use of potassium sorbate as a passivating component in conjunction with the addition of strong oxidizing agents in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) slurry design should be considered.     

Leveling the Tilts of a Tenement Building Founded on Loess Soils Prone to Slump-Type Settlement by Regular Wetting

Experience is described for leveling of the tilts of a nine-story tenement building founded on soils prone to slump-type settlement by regular wetting through filtration-weep holes around the building and partially through pits excavated inside the interstitial basement. The leveling was carried out without curtailing the normal service of the building and evacuating its tenants; the building is located in an area classed with an eight-point seismicity.Publicly owned joint-stock company Tsentr Sotsial'noi Ékspertizy     

Insurance against construction risks and foundation engineering to prevent structure emergencies

Problems of the insurance of structural, design, and survey work for the installation of foundation beds and substructures are examined for the first time. It is demonstrated that additional examination of the quality of survey, design, and construction-assembly operations by insurance organizations, as well as continuous monitoring of work production based on a section of the trenches, and the installation of artificial beds and reinforced-concrete components of the substructures of buildings make it possible to prevent emergency situations with the foundation of structures. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 1, pp. 23–25, January–February 1997.     

Interaction between design and survey organizations in light of canceled mandatory use of construction rules and regulations

Requirements, which should be indicated by designers in the assignment of geologic-engineering surveys for industrial and civil construction projects, are cited. __________ Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 4, pp. 25–27, July–August, 2006.     

Experimental investigation of the stress-strain state of loess soils in the base of rigid plates

Conclusions 1. The method developed for pressing the pressure cells into the soil mass made it possible to establish for the first time the actual initial stressed state of damp and wet loess bases from the effect of the soil's own weight within the depth of the deformable region under plates.2. The results of measuring the vertical and horizontal stresses along the central axis of the plate established that the lateral earth pressure coefficient varies as a function of the stressed state and water content of the base.3. The results of the full-scale investigations permit a most complete and comprehensive evaluation of the work of a damp and wet loess base under a load. The different character of distribution of stresses and displacements in such soils under foundations indicates that the existing methods of calculating damp and wet loess bases require further improvement.Moscow Civil Engineering Institute (MISI). Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 3, pp. 17–19, May–June, 1979.