Effect of coumarin and xanthotoxin on mitochondrial structure,oxygen uptake,and succinate dehydrogenase activity in onion root cells

At concentrations in which they occur on the plant surface and retard mitosis, coumarin and xanthotoxin lowered uptake of oxygen (by 60 and 30%, respectively) by meristematic cells ofAllium cepa root tips. They caused changes in the structure of the mitochondrial matrix to become dense, and protrusions of mitochondrial membranes were visible parallelling their hypertrophy, indicating alteration in the structure and physiology of these organelles. Coumarin and, to a lesser extent, xanthotoxin increased succinate dehydrogenase production in mitochondria and also in the cytoplasm, indicating changes in membrane permeability. Changes in oxygen uptake and mitochondrial structure, in addition to the retardation of mitosis, may be the reason these compounds act as allelochemicals after they have been removed from the plant surface and reach the root meristem.     

Der Einfluß der Silikatphase auf die Eigenschaften von Eisenerzsintern

Schrifttumsübersicht. Herstellung synthetischer Olivine. Ermittlung des kristallchemischen Aufbaues. Thermo-Differentialanalyse. Eigenschaften der synthetischen Kalziumolivine. Auftreten von Kalziumolivinen in Sintern. Einfluß der Silikatphase auf die Sintereigenschaften.     

Der Einfluß von Bariumoxid auf die Zähigkeit von Hochofenschlacken

Messung der Zähigkeit der Hochofenschlacken mit einem Massengehalt von 0 bis 14% BaO. Änderung der Aktivierungsenergie des viskosen Fließens mit steigendem Anteil an Bariumoxid. Veränderungen der Schlackenstruktur sowie Entmischungen und Abweichungen der chemischen Zusammensetzung in Mikrobereichen bei Erhöhung der Bariumoxidgehalte.     

Modelling and effective modification of smooth boundary geometry in boundary problems using B-spline curves

To create curves in computer graphics, we use, among others, B-splines since they make it possible to effectively produce curves in a continuous way using a small number of de Boor’s control points. The properties of these curves have also been used to define and create boundary geometry in boundary problems solving using parametric integral equations system (PIES). PIES was applied for resolution 2D boundary-value problems described by Laplace’s equation. In this PIES, boundary geometry is theoretically defined in its mathematical formalism, hence the numerical solution of the PIES requires no boundary discretization (such as in BEM) and is simply reduced to the approximation of boundary functions. To solve this PIES a pseudospectral method has been proposed and the results obtained were compared with both exact and numerical solutions.     

Safety aspects in modelling and operating of batch and semibatch stirred tank chemical reactors

Safety aspects in modelling of batch and semibatch stirred tank reactors as well as a model based safety analysis have been considered. Applicability of two basic types of models – i.e. the perfectly mixed reactor model and the CFD model, both formulated for laboratory scale as well as pilot plant scale reactors – has been discussed. A formulation of the appropriate reactor model, which is adequate to the considered case study has been demonstrated and tested experimentally. Particular attention has been devoted to the formulation of robust CFD models employed to simulate a performance of the stirred tank reactors. It has been found that models for perfectly mixed reactors may have quite wide range of application, while the CFD models should be definitely used in case of fast reactions, high viscosity of the reacting mixture as well as of failure leading to stopping of the impeller. The CFD models are able to predict a dynamic behaviour of reactors at any circumstances, so they can play a significant role in safety analysis carried out for industrial scale reactors, for which experimental safety tests are expensive and dangerous.     

Influence of technological parameters on the epoxidation of 1‐butene‐3‐ol over titanium silicalite TS‐2 catalyst

BACKGROUND: The influence of technological parameters on the epoxidation of 1‐butene‐3‐ol (1B3O) over titanium silicalite TS‐2 catalyst has been investigated. Epoxidations were carried out using 30%(w/w) hydrogen peroxide at atmospheric pressure. The major product from the epoxidation of B3O was 1,2‐epoxybutane‐3‐ol, with many potential applications. RESULTS: The influence of temperature (20–60 °C), 1B3O/H₂O₂ molar ratio (1:1–5:1), methanol concentration (5–90%(w/w)), TS‐2 catalyst concentration (0.1–6.0%(w/w)) and reaction time (0.5–5.0 h) have been studied. CONCLUSION: The epoxidation process is most effective if conducted at a temperature of 20 °C, 1B3O/H₂O₂ molar ratio 1:1, methanol concentration (used as the solvent) 80%(w/w), catalyst concentration 5%(w/w) and reaction time 5 h. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Triangular Bézier surface patches in modeling shape of boundary geometry for potential problems in 3D

This paper presents a new boundary shape representation for 3D boundary value problems based on parametric triangular Bézier surface patches. Formed by the surface patches, the graphical representation of the boundary is directly incorporated into the formula of parametric integral equation system (PIES). This allows us to eliminate the need for both boundary and domain discretizations. The possibility of eliminating the discretization of the boundary and the domain in PIES significantly reduces the number of input data necessary to define the boundary. In this case, the boundary is described by a small set of control points of surface patches. Three numerical examples were used to validate the solutions of PIES with analytical and numerical results available in the literature.     

An analysis of the causes of a BWE counterweight boom support fracture

A bucket wheel excavator (BWE) collapsed in a brown coal mine. As a result of a tie rod fracture the counterweight boom, the discharge boom and several other components of the other assemblies underwent plastic deformation. This paper presents the results of computer simulations of the collapse. A finite element method analysis of the counterweight boom tie rod showed stress concentrations exceeding the allowable level. Also material tests of the fracture surface were carried out to identify the causes of the collapse. Macroscopic and microscopic images of areas within the fracture were obtained. Measurements of hardness and microhardness in the vicinity of the weld were performed. The FEM analyses and material tests showed that the causes of the collapse were design and welding faults.