土耳其陶瓷行业概览

土耳其陶瓷行业，于上世纪50年代开始以工业概念投入生产。自80年代以来，稳操迅速发展步伐。90年代开始更引进最先进技术实现了设备现代化。陶瓷行业是大工业一个分支，主要由以下子行业构成，主要为建筑业提供了配套。     

Tensile Behavior of FRP Anchors in Concrete

Strengthening of concrete structures using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems has become a widely accepted technology in the construction industry over the past decade. Externally bonded FRP sheets are proven to be a feasible alternative to traditional methods for strengthening and stiffening deficient reinforced or prestressed concrete members. However, the delamination of FRP sheets from the concrete surface poses major concerns, as it usually leads to a brittle member failure. This paper reports on the development of FRP anchors to overcome delamination problems encountered in surface bonded FRP sheets. An experimental investigation was conducted on the performance of carbon FRP anchors that were embedded in normal- and high-strength concrete test specimens. A total of 81 anchors were tested under monotonic uniaxial loading. Test parameters included the length, diameter, and angle of inclination of the anchors and the compressive strength of the concrete. The experimental results indicate that FRP anchors can be designed to achieve high pullout capacities and hence can be used effectively to prevent or delay the delamination of externally bonded FRP sheets. The results also indicate that the diameter, length, and the angle of inclination of the anchors have a significant influence on the pullout capacity of FRP anchors.     

Seismic Behavior of High-Strength Concrete Columns Confined by Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tubes

The use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in seismically active regions poses a major concern because of the brittle nature of material. The confinement requirements for HSC columns may be prohibitively stringent when ordinary grade transverse steel reinforcement is used. An alternative to conventional confinement reinforcement is the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes in the form of stay-in-place formwork which can fulfill multiple functions of: (1) formwork; (2) confinement reinforcement; and (3) protective shell against corrosion, weathering and chemical attacks. The use of stay-in-place FRP formwork is investigated as concrete confinement reinforcement for HSC and normal strength concrete (NSC) columns with circular cross sections. Large-scale specimens with 270?mm circular cross-sections and different concrete strengths were tested under constant axial compression and incrementally increasing lateral deformation reversals. FRP tubes were manufactured from carbon fiber sheets and epoxy resin. The results indicate that inelastic deformability of HSC and NSC columns can be improved significantly by using FRP tubes, beyond the performance level usually expected of comparable columns confined with conventional steel reinforcement.     

2004年12月26日地震和海啸对建筑结构和基础设施的影响

对2004年12月26日东南亚地区的地震和泰国、印尼海啸对建筑结构和基础设施的影响进行现场试验。海啸对建筑结构和基础设施的影响导致了几个惨痛的教训。由于基础设施,例如桥、海港、码头、医院和通讯系统的破坏延迟了搜索、营救实施以及救济,增加了生还者的痛苦。因地震致使建筑结构破坏的原因包括：软弱地基、强梁-弱柱设计、短柱、有缺陷的梁-柱节点、无延性的细节设计、无筋砌体结构及不良的施工质量。     

Analytical study on seismic behavior of proposed hybrid tension‐only braced frames

The first intention of this study is to enable tension‐only bracing (TOB) as the main lateral load resisting system. In order to attenuate deteriorating of the TOB hysteretic behavior, a simple mechanical device, called slack‐free connection (SFC), is proposed by which buckling/slacking would not occur in the TOB. Using the TOB‐SFC system in parallel with a wire rope brace, an innovative bracing system, called hybrid tension only brace (HTOB), is proposed, which has a non‐deteriorating hysteretic behavior with tunable post‐yield stiffness. Adopting the so called Incremental Dynamic Analyses, sensitivity of the HTOB on its post‐yield stiffness is explored and also seismic behavior of the proposed HTOB is compared to other representative lateral load resisting systems. Obtained results indicate that a minor increase in post‐yield stiffness can substantially reduce maximum and residual deformations of the HTOB. However, compared to other representative systems, HTOB still tends to experience higher residual deformations. This is due to the fact that the elastic‐to‐inelastic transition in hysteretic behavior of the HTOB is very sharp. Meanwhile HTOB would generally result in less maximum deformations compared to other representative systems because of its large energy dissipation capability.     

Adsorption and separation of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 by 13X zeolite

Accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is responsible for increased global warming of our planet. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide mainly from flue gas, automobile and landfill gas (LFG) emissions are major contributors to this problem. In this work, CO₂, CH₄ and N₂ adsorption was studied on Ceca 13X zeolite by determining pure and binary mixture isotherms using a constant volume method and a concentration pulse chromatographic technique at 40 and 100°C. The experimental data were then compared to the predicted binary behaviour by extended Langmuir model. Results showed that the extended Langmuir theoretical adsorption model can only be applied as an approximation to predict the experimental binary behaviour for the systems studied. Equilibrium phase diagrams were obtained from the experimental binary isotherms. For these systems, the integral thermodynamic consistency tests were also conducted. It was found that Ceca 13X exhibits large CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ selectivity and could find application in landfill gas purification, CO₂ removal from natural gas and CO₂ removal from ambient air or flue gas streams. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Heat exchanger network design of an organic Rankine cycle integrated waste heat recovery system of a marine vessel using pinch point analysis

The coexistence of different kinds of waste heat sources on marine vessels with various temperature ranges increases the need for an optimal heat exchanger network (HEN) design for the heat collection process to reduce the unutilizable heat that needs to be discharged to overboard. The optimal HEN design has not been taken into consideration by using pinch point analysis in previous studies of marine organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems that utilize from different kinds of waste heat sources. The objective of the study is to determine the optimal HEN design for an ORC integrated waste heat recovery system of a marine vessel by utilizing the pinch point analysis to improve the overall energy efficiency. Lubricating oil, high-temperature cooling water and scavenge air of the main engine, and the exhaust gas emitted from the boiler plant were identified as the major waste heat sources of a reference container ship. A heat collection stream, in which thermal oil is used as the heat transfer fluid that transfers the collected heat to an ORC system, was proposed. The pinch point analysis showed that the optimum waste heat recovery could be gained by separating the scavenge air cooler into three stages and the lubricating oil cooler into two stages. The results of the parametric study for the varying evaporator inlet pressure between 1000 and 3000 kPa showed that R1234ze(Z) yields the best performance among nine different organic working fluids with the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of 15.24% and 86.47% for the ORC system, respectively. For the proposed configuration, the unavailable waste heat that cannot be transferred to thermal oil was found as 23.71%, 16.56%, 13.17%, and 7.81% of the total waste heat produced by the heat sources, and also 8.24%, 9.80%, 11.55%, and 12.93% of the net power output produced by the main engine can be recovered for 25%, 50%, 76%, and 100% maximum continuous rating (MCR), respectively.     

Seismic flexural behavior of concrete connections reinforced with CFRP bars and grids

The corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete and the resulting deterioration of structures prompted research on fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) as potential reinforcement for concrete members, for use in new construction. FRPs have more favorable advantages for new concrete buildings subjected to seismic loads particularly in corrosive environment.