Nitrogen contributions of alley cropped Trifolium pratense may sustain short rotation woody crop yields on marginal lands

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - Incorporating nitrogen-fixing cover crops into short rotation woody crop (SWRC) plantations may increase soil and tree nitrogen while sustaining, or even...     

Lifting-based wavelet domain adaptive Wiener filter for image enhancement

A method of applying lifting-based wavelet domain Wiener filter (LBWDMF) in image enhancement is proposed. Lifting schemes have emerged as a powerful method for implementing biorthogonal wavelet filters. They exploit the similarity of the filter coefficients between the low-pass and high-pass filters to provide a higher speed of execution, compared to classical wavelet transforms. LBWDMF not only helps in reducing the number of computations but also achieves lossy to lossless performance with finite precision. The proposed method utilises the multi-scale characteristics of the wavelet transform and the local statistics of each subband. The proposed method transforms an image into the wavelet domain using lifting-based wavelet filters and then applies a Wiener filter in the wavelet domain and finally transforms the result into the spatial domain. When the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is low, transforming an image to the lifting-based wavelet domain and applying the Wiener filter in the wavelet domain produces better results than directly applying Wiener filter in spatial domain. In other words each subband is processed independently in the wavelet domain by a Wiener filter. Moreover, in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method the result obtained using the proposed method is compared to those using the spatial domain Wiener filter (SDWF) and classical wavelet domain Wiener filter (CWDWF). Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance over SDWF and CWDWF both visually and in terms of PSNR.     

Regional chemotherapy of liver tumors

In the absence of adequate autogenous vein for tibial artery bypass in limb salvage surgery, the use of prosthetic grafts with a distal anastomotic vein cuff or patch has shown promising results. Here, we describe how the Florester Internal Vessel Occluder (Meadox UK, Bedfordshire, UK) can facilitate the construction of a distal anastomotic vein cuff.     

电机电流分析法在机床类设备诊断中的应用研究

机床类设备传动链复杂,结构紧凑且封闭,对传动系统状态监测一直没有有效的分析办法,即使在噪声增大等恶劣情况下,常规的振动诊断方法也难以奏效.本文尝试用电流信号分析法,简称MCSA(Motor Current Signal Analysis),对机床状态进行测试和分析.通过电机电流信号的传动链齿轮谱特征分析,对其做出了正确评估,表明定子电流能很好地反映机床传动系统部件的运行状况.同时进行了多种运行工况的测试与试验,研究结论对机床类设备的生产制造和现场运行状态的分析提供了有效依据.     

液相还原法制备纳米银粉的研究

在液相联氨还原法工艺基础上，对液相还原法制备纳米银粉的还原反应条件（体系温度、分散剂、反应物浓度）进行了研究，得到了优化的反应条件；反应体系温度70℃，反应物浓度[Ag[NH3]2^ ]=0.02mol/l和特定的分散剂2^#。且冬季同平均粒径约为50nm、大小均匀、灰白色的球状银粉。     

Coherent Phonon-Induced Modulation of Charge Transfer in 2D Hybrid Perovskites

Electron–phonon interactions play an essential role in charge transport and transfer processes in semiconductors. For most structures, tailoring electron–phonon interactions for specific functionality remains elusive. Here, it is shown that, in hybrid perovskites, coherent phonon modes can be used to manipulate charge transfer. In the 2D double perovskite, (AE2T)₂AgBiI₈ (AE2T: 5,5“-diylbis(amino-ethyl)-(2,2”-(2)thiophene)), the valence band maximum derived from the [Ag_0.5Bi_0.5I₄]^2– framework lies in close proximity to the AE2T-derived HOMO level, thereby forming a type-II heterostructure. During transient absorption spectroscopy, pulsed excitation creates sustained coherent phonon modes, which periodically modulate the associated electronic levels. Thus, the energy offset at the organic–inorganic interface also oscillates periodically, providing a unique opportunity for modulation of interfacial charge transfer. Density-functional theory corroborates the mechanism and identifies specific phonon modes as likely drivers of the coherent charge transfer. These observations are a striking example of how electron–phonon interactions can be used to manipulate fundamentally important charge and energy transfer processes in hybrid perovskites.     

基于Ad hoc网络的联合有效用户识别与信道安全编译码方法

Ad hoc网络是一种无中心的自组织网络,由于用户能量受限当信噪比较低时有效用户识别的可靠性和信道安全性下降.该文针对这个问题提出一种联合有效用户识别与信道安全编译码方法.将发送用户的正交地址码与接收用户的伪随机地址码异或产生基于发送用户与接收用户的有效用户识别码.为提高信道安全性以信道安全码作为密钥加密有效用户识别码得到正交随机安全序列.为实现扩频并提高传输效率将发送数据以6 bit信息作为一个符号进行分组,将每个符号与一个正交随机安全序列对应.接收用户采用基于子空间的方法处理接收信号,通过建立判决模型识别有效用户.实验结果表明该方法与已有方法相比,当有效用户识别的漏警概率为10–3时信噪比增益改善1.6 dB.     

Kinetics and phase evolution during carbothermal synthesis of titanium carbide from ultrafine titania/carbon mixture

The kinetics and phase evolution of the TiC formation process by carbothermal reduction of ultrafine titania/carbon mixture were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and oxygen analysis. Titania (TiO2) first lowered its oxidation state to Ti3O5 via an unidentified phase (possibly one of the Magneli phases). Then Ti3O5 was further reduced to Ti2O3, followed by the formation of titanium oxycarbide (TiCxOy) phase and its purification toward high purity TiC thereafter. Ti2O3 was the oxide phase with the lowest oxidation state before forming TiCxOy phase. In the isothermal TGA trace, the formation of Ti3O5 showed a diffusion-controlled process; possibly carbon diffusion limited the solid state reaction. The formation of Ti2O3 and TiCxOy was interpreted to be associated with CO gas-assisted reduction reaction, based on constant reaction rate for each process. The activation energy for the formation of Ti2O3 (from Ti3O5) and TiCxOy (from Ti2O3) phase were calculated to be 415.6 and 264.3 kJ mol-1, respectively. The TiC powder synthesized at 1550 °C for 4 h in flowing argon atmosphere showed fine particle size (0.3–0.6 m) with oxygen content of 0.7 wt % and lattice parameter of 0.4328 nm while interparticle agglomeration was moderate. © 1998 Chapman & Hall.