Influence of Ultrasonic Waves on the Processing of Cotton with Cationic Softener

In recent years, the textile industry has been forced to develop new technologies to reduce energy and water consumption. The use of ultrasound in textile wet processing is one solution to this problem. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of ultrasonic energy on the processing of cotton with a cationic softener. For this purpose, cotton fabric was treated with a fatty acid amide derivative cationic softener in water using ultrasonic energy during treatment. The physical properties of the fabrics treated under different conditions are discussed. The results show that the treatment of fabrics with softeners in an ultrasound bath is more effective compared to conventional methods and that it enhances the physical properties of the cotton.     

Passive Behavior of Ultra-Fine-Grained 1050 Aluminum Alloy Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding in a Borate Buffer Solution

In this study, the effect of the ARB process on the passive behavior of ultra-fine-grained 1050 aluminum alloy in a borate buffer solution(p H 6.0) has been investigated. The result of the microhardness tests revealed that the microhardness values increase with an increasing number of ARB cycles. The potentiodynamic polarization plots revealed that the higher number of cycles for the specimens proceeds with the ARB process rather than annealing yield to lower corrosion and passive current densities and more noble corrosion potential values. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that increasing the number of ARB cycles offers better conditions for forming the passive films.     

Macro- and Microemulsion Silicone Softeners on Polyester Fibers: Evaluation of Different Physical Properties

In this research, polyester fabrics were treated with three concentrations (10, 20 and 30 g/L) of macro- and microemulsions of silicones in water at 30 °C by the padding method. The treated fabrics were then dried/cured at 130 °C for 40 s. Some of the physical and chemical properties of the samples are discussed. The drapeability of treated samples was lower and found to depend on the silicone particle size. Moisture absorbency of treated samples was also lower. Colorimetric properties of softener treated fabrics were evaluated with a reflectance spectrophotometer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations showed an aggregation of silicone particles on the fiber surface.

Functional cellulose fibers via polycarboxylic acid/carbon nanotube composite coating

In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were stabilized on a cotton surface using 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a crosslinking agent and sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst. The influence of CNTs on the performance of the cellulose fiber was investigated using a Raman spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, a scanning electron microscope, electrical contacting equipment, and an electromagnetic field detector. The possible interactions between CNTs, a crosslinking agent, and cellulose functional groups at the surface were elucidated by Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the stabilized CNTs modify the surface of the fibers and increase the functionality and thermal stability of the substrate. SEM showed a uniform coating of CNTs on the fiber surface.     

Clay nanoadsorbent as an environmentally friendly substitute for mordants in the natural dyeing of carpet piles

The aim of this work was to assess the possibility of using a bentonite‐type clay as a promising substitute for mordants in the natural dyeing of wool with madder. Wool yarn was treated with nanoclay by using three conventional methods of pretreatment (before dyeing), simultaneous dyeing with madder in the presence of clay, and aftertreatment (after dyeing). Madder was used as a natural source of colorant. The scientific methods employed in this study included Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, moisture regain measurement, tensile strength tests, reflectance spectrophotometry, and fastness evaluation. The intensity of the major peaks in the Fourier Transform‐infrared spectra of the nanoclay‐treated wool yarn indicated chemical changes in the polypeptide functional groups in the wool structure. Madder exhibited higher dyeing properties on clay‐pretreated samples compared with untreated wool. The results of colour measurements showed that the colour strength of the dyed samples improved with an increasing amount of clay in the pretreatment baths.     

Colorimetric properties of wool dyed with natural dyes after treatment with ammonia

An evaluation has been carried out of the effect of ammonia on the colouristic properties of wool dyed with a range of natural dyes containing anthraquinone, naphthaquinone, flavone and tannin structures. It was found in all cases that after-treatment with ammonia caused a decrease in the lightness ( L *) values. The reasons for this are discussed, as is the fact that the colour change is not reversible on subsequent treatment with acid.     

Extraction of polyphenolic dyes from henna,pomegranate rind,and Pterocarya fraxinifolia for nylon 6 dyeing

Acid and disperse dyes are two well‐known synthetic materials that are primarily used for dyeing of nylon 6 fibres. Despite their good performance, several negative impacts on the environment, including air and water pollution, are major concerns to researchers. An alternative ecofriendly approach to the dyeing of nylon 6 is the use of natural dyes, given their abundant natural sources, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non‐toxicity, non‐allergic responses, and non‐carcinogenic effects on human life. Based on these advantages, we extracted polyphenolic dyes from henna leaves, pomegranate rind, and Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves and studied the dyeability on nylon 6 fabric using three compounds of aluminium sulfate, tannic acid, and tin chloride as toxic and non‐toxic mordants before dyeing. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the nylon 6 fabric confirmed the coordination complexes and π–π bonding between the mordants and the dyes. Colorimetric and fastness results showed that the mordants increased the colour strength and improved the fastness properties of the fibres. Our results suggest that tin chloride and aluminium sulfate as metal mordants can be successfully replaced with tannic acid as a biomordant in the natural dyeing of nylon 6. Also, cost assay showed that dyeing of nylon 6 with extracted natural dyes from waste leaves could be a sustainable and economical substitute for synthetic dyeing.     

A novel method for coating of carbon nanotube on cellulose fiber using 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid as a cross-linking agent

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated by the exhaustion method and stabilized on a cotton surface using 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a crosslinking agent and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as a catalyst. The Influence of CNTs on the performance of the cellulose fiber was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential analyzer, reflectance spectroscope, wrinkle recovery tester and bacteriological culture tube. The possible interactions between CNTs, the cross-linking agent and cellulose functional groups at the surface were elucidated by FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicated that the stabilized CNTs modify the surface of the fibers and increase the thermal stability of the substrate. SEM showed a uniform coating of CNTs on the fiber surface.     

Sodium Aluminate Concentration Effects on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on Pure Titanium

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) concentration was varied in order to understand the influence of the chemical composition of electrolyte on the spark...     

Biomineralization‐Inspired Green Synthesis of Zinc Phosphate‐Based Nanosheets in Gelatin Hydrogel

Diffusion of inorganic salts in gels is a simple, inexpensive, and versatile technique for the synthesis of inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposite particles with various morphologies. This paper introduces a novel method for producing zinc phosphate (ZP) nanosheets using single diffusion of zinc ions in gelatin at ambient temperature. FTIR spectra showed the entrapment of gelatin in ZP sheets due to electrostatic interactions between charged groups of gelatin and diffused ions. This study demonstrated that hydrogels can be used for crystallization of ZP. Such a nanocomposite particle may open a new window for producing antimicrobial and materials for use in tissue engineering.