The spiritually responsible therapist: Religious material in the psychotherapeutic setting.

There exists a movement within the field of psychology to incorporate religious material into the overall conceptualization and treatment of the client. This article questions the appropriateness of such incorporation and emphasizes instead the distinction the therapist needs to make between religious and psychological material in the psychotherapeutic setting. The therapist must also be aware of how religious material can intensify the transference, resistance, and countertransference, thereby complicating the therapeutic process. Client issues that relate to the religious identity of the therapist or invoke a sense of exclusive similarity in the therapeutic dyad can further complicate the therapy. Such complications suggest that the avoidance of both overt and covert messages that communicate the therapist's personal values and beliefs may be beneficial for therapy. Case examples with 4 clients (aged 18–56 yrs) are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Water diffusion in polymer nano-films measured with microcantilevers

We present a method to measure the absorption of water molecules from the liquid and the vapour phase into polymer nano-films and the diffusion inside these films. Film thickness can be down to 45 nm. To demonstrate the possibilities of this method we use polymer films that are deposited on the upper side of a silicon cantilever by plasma polymerization of norbornene. When a microdrop of water is deposited onto the initially straight cantilever, the drop causes the cantilever to bend while it evaporates. Evaporation of such small water drops usually takes less than a second. An upwards bending is due to capillary forces and a downwards bending is due to the diffusion of water into the polymer film – and the consequent volume expansion (swelling) of the film. The magnitude of the capillary forces and the extent of swelling continuously change during drop evaporation. When drop evaporation is over the cantilever returns to its initial straight position. We simulate the time dependent bending with a numerical model that qualitatively agrees with the experiment. From the time dependence of cantilever bending we are able to determine the diffusion coefficient of water in the thin polymer film.     

An algorithm for computing compatibly Frobenius split subvarieties

This paper describes an algorithm which produces all ideals compatible with a given surjective Frobenius near-splitting.     

A bacteriophage reagent for Salmonella: molecular studies on Felix 01

Felix 01 (F01) is a bacteriophage originally isolated by Felix and Callow which lyses almost all Salmonella strains and has been widely used as a diagnostic test for this genus. Molecular information about this phage is entirely lacking. In the present study, the DNA of the phage was found to be a double-stranded linear molecule of about 80 kb. 11.5 kb has been sequenced and in this region A + T content is 60%. There are relatively few restriction endonuclease cleavage sites in the native genome and clones show this is due to their absence rather than modification. A restriction map of the genome has been constructed. The ends of the molecule cannot be ligated although they contain 5' phosphates. At least 60% of the genome must encode proteins. In the sequenced portion, many open reading frames exist and these are tightly packed together. These have been examined for homology to published proteins but only 1 to 17 shows similarity to known proteins. F01 is therefore the prototype of a new phage family. On the basis of restriction sites, codon usage and the distribution of nonsense codons in the unused reading frames, a strong case can be made for natural selection that reacts to mRNA structure and function.     

Air Pollution Emission Inventory Survey for Israel

High ozone levels are regularly measured during summer months over the inland and mountainous regions of Israel. Studies analyzing the back trajectories of air masses responsible for the high ozone levels showed that the precursors originated from the densely populated Israeli coastline. In order to better understand the contribution of those emission sources to ozone production, it is essential to have an accurate emission inventory that can be inputted into a photochemical model. The present paper describes the methods used in preparing an emission inventory for Israel based on information available and published until 1998. The source and accuracy of the data available are described. The calculations performed and the assumptions taken in order to obtain data not directly available are clarified. The sources reported in the inventory were the major polluters (power plants, oil refineries, and cement industries); industry; transportation; and biogenic sources. The pollutants studied were SO₂, NO_x, CO, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, ethylene, isoprene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, and aldehydes. The inventory showed that transportation is responsible for almost the entire CO and 30% of the volatile organic compounds emitted, although transportation itself accounts for only a fifth of total fuel consumption. About 75% of the NO_x emitted can be attributed to industrial sources and the remaining 25% to transportation. Model simulations using the emission inventory were performed and compared to data available from a monitoring station situated 30 km east of Tel Aviv. The results showed good agreement, validating the accuracy of the emission inventory. The present emission inventory provides an important database as input to photochemical models used in forecasting ozone levels over Israel.     

Conceptual models of software artifacts

According to constructivism, learning takes place by constructing cognitive structures based upon current, perhaps naive, knowledge and new experiences. In the case of software artifacts like programming languages and applications, current knowledge is not a solid base upon which to build viable new knowledge. Therefore, we conjecture that explicit conceptual models constructed by educators should be able to improve the performance of users in their interaction with software artifacts, in our case the popular word processor MS-Word. The experiments described in this paper support this idea: we found that learners who used our conceptual models were able to analyze and solve problems conceptually, while learners who used task-oriented learning materials of equivalent scope employed aimless trial and error.     

The Effect of Hydrogen Donors on the Catalase-Hydrogen Peroxide System in the Steady State

An analytical derivation is presented showing that in catalase-containing systems in which peroxide is generated continuously, the addition of hydrogen donors (alcohol) always causes a reduction of the steady state concentration of the catalase-H₂O₂ intermediate complex.