用仿真工具优化车辆动力系统(一)

在本文的第一部分，介绍了一种理想的车辆动力系统的计算机辅助开发过程。它显示了现代仿真技术在产品持续发展过程中的作用，该技术采用硬件回路作非在线的仿真，并通过现代化的试验手段对车辆进行匹配。特别重要的是提供了将电控变速器和发动机控制单元综合的可能性。接着是在线仿真在诸如发动机和变速器模式方面的应用和发展，它是上述开发过程的基础。根据上述的方法论，本文论述了仿真技术已取得的成绩和将来的应用可能性。     

创新型高性能纤维——玄武岩纤维

运用玄武岩提取纤维的技术由来已久，但一些生产制造商们生产出的玄武岩纤维的质量和数量尚处于较低水平。奥地利Asamer玄武岩纤维公司付出了两年的时间致力于该领域的研究，纤维的品质有了很大的改进，且位于奥地利的一生产工厂于2009年初投入生产。预计其市场份额也将大幅增长。     

适用于各种非织造布的自动在线检测系统

描述了产自Lenzing仪器公司的多检测系统NIS 200，其已被证实适用于检测不同原料、从薄到厚、从单一颜色到复杂印染的非织造布。可综合检测物理质量和感观质量这两方面的信息，是该系统成为具有经济价值的非织造布检测系统的先决条件。     

SML：BCF丝的革新性纺丝设备

奥地利ＳＭＬ公司的纺丝生产线可以生产各种各样的长丝。在巴黎ＩＴＭＡ’９９上,ＳＭＬ公司展出了第一台用复丝来生产ＢＣＦ丝的设备－Ａｕｓｔｒｏｆｉｌ,这套设备会给生产商带来极大的便利。     

碱性锌—锰可充电池的技术进展

由于极佳的价格与性能之比,可充(可再用)碱性锌—二氧化锰电池已颇为流行。本文将讨论某些在理论和技术方面已经取得的成果,如无汞化,百分之百深度放电,气体循环,极性反转,捆绑电池组等。     

Lyocell混纺——给纺织工业带来的附加效益

Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ具有迄今为止在其他纤维素纤维中从未有过的纤维强力特性,Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ的产品性能可以有与高质量的、长绒棉相媲美,甚至在某种情况下优于长绒棉。可以认为,在未来纺织工业中,针得到广泛的应用。介绍了Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维与胶纤维、莫代尔纤维或棉混纺品的性能。     

Mfn2 Overexpression Attenuates MPTP Neurotoxicity In Vivo

Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a critical event in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increasing evidence demonstrates that disturbed mitochondrial dynamics and quality control play an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. Our previous study demonstrated that MPP⁺ induces mitochondrial fragmentation in vitro. In this study, we aimed to assess whether blocking MPTP-induced mitochondrial fragmentation by overexpressing Mfn2 affords neuroprotection in vivo. We found that the significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) induced by MPTP treatment, as seen in wild-type littermate control mice, was almost completely blocked in mice overexpressing Mfn2 (hMfn2 mice). The dramatic reduction in dopamine neuronal fibers and dopamine levels in the striatum caused by MPTP administration was also partially inhibited in hMfn2 mice. MPTP-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the SN and striatum were significantly alleviated in hMfn2 mice. The impairment of motor function caused by MPTP was also blocked in hMfn2 mice. Overall, our work demonstrates that restoration of mitochondrial dynamics by Mfn2 overexpression protects against neuronal toxicity in an MPTP-based PD mouse model, which supports the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment.     

New risk assessment methodology for coal mine excavated slopes

This paper presents a new risk assessment methodology for coal mine excavated slopes. This new empirical-statistical slope stability assessment methodology(SSAM) is intended for use by geotechnical engineers at both the design review and operational stages of a mine's life to categorise the risk of an excavated coal mine slope. A likelihood of failure is determined using a new slope stability classification system for excavated coal mine slopes developed using a database of 119 intact and failed case studies sourced from open cut coal mines in Australia. Consequence of failure is based on slope height and stand-off distance at the toe of the excavated slope. Results are presented in a new risk matrix, with slope risk being divided into low, medium and high categories. The SSAM is put forward as a new risk assessment methodology to assess the potential for, and consequence of, excavated coal mine slope failure.Unlike existing classification systems, assumptions about the likely failure mode or mechanism are not required. Instead, the SSAM applies an approach which compares the conditions present within the excavated slope face, with the known past performance of slopes with similar geotechnical and geometrical conditions, to estimate the slope's propensity for failure. The SSAM is novel in that it considers the depositional history of strata in an excavated slope and how this sequence affects slope stability. It is further novel in that it does not require explicit measurements of intact rock, rock mass and/or defect strength to rapidly calculate a slope's likelihood of failure and overall risk. Ratings can be determined entirely from visual observations of the excavated slope face. The new SSAM is designed to be used in conjunction with existing slope stability assessment tools.     

Recent Applications of Descriptive Geometry to Mechanical Engineering

This is a brief summary of a paper presented at the 5th Japan-China Joint Conference on Graphics Education in Osaka 2001.     

Alerts for in-vehicle information systems: annoyance, urgency, and appropriateness

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the influence of the auditory characteristics of alerts on perceived urgency and annoyance and whether these perceptions depend on the context in which the alert is received. BACKGROUND: Alert parameters systematically affect perceived urgency, and mapping the urgency of a situation to the perceived urgency of an alert is a useful design consideration. Annoyance associated with environmental noise has been thoroughly studied, but little research has addressed whether alert parameters differentially affect annoyance and urgency. METHOD: Three 2(3) x 3 mixed within/between factorial experiments, with a total of 72 participants, investigated nine alert parameters in three driving contexts. These parameters were formant (similar to harmonic series), pulse duration, interpulse interval, alert onset and offset, burst duty cycle, alert duty cycle, interburst period, and sound type. Imagined collision warning, navigation alert, and E-mail notification scenarios defined the driving context. RESULTS: All parameters influenced both perceived urgency and annoyance (p < .05), with pulse duration, interpulse interval, alert duty cycle, and sound type influencing urgency substantially more than annoyance. There was strong relationship between perceived urgency and rated appropriateness for high-urgency driving scenarios and a strong relationship between annoyance and rated appropriateness for low-urgency driving scenarios. CONCLUSION: Sound parameters differentially affect annoyance and urgency. Also, urgency and annoyance differentially affect perceived appropriateness of warnings. APPLICATION: Annoyance may merit as much attention as urgency in the design of auditory warnings, particularly in systems that alert drivers to relatively low-urgency situations.