Gertrude Käsebier's ‘Indian’ Photographs

Abstract

Gertrude Käsebier made portraits of Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird)/ Gertrude Simmons (Bonnin) just four years before Zitkala-Sa's article ‘Why I Am a Pagan’ appeared in the Atlantic Monthly.¹ In some pictures, she is Red Bird, with her somewhat tangled hair down, wearing a simple cloth version of a buckskin dress, an old willow basket held to her chest. In others, she is Zitkala-Sa, stage lecturer and performer, star of the ladies' reform dub lecture circuit, wearing the beaded bandolier and chokered beads of a ‘Princess’, hand to head, looking afar in the cliched Indian pose, a darker Native Drama Queen. In some, she is Gertrude Simmons, a Rossetti-esque, post-Victorian girl, just one step away from holding roses on the fainting couch. Posed in Käsebier's srudio against a flowered wallpaper background, wearing a good girl's long dress, she holds a book or her beloved violin (figure 1), the instrument she studied at the New England Conservatory of Music. Kasebier got all three personae of this complex Yankton Sioux woman in her portraits of 1898, personae we shall not recognize when we see her again, photographed in Washington, around 1930, as ‘Gertrude Simmons Bonnin’, an influential Native politico in a dark suit.     

Synthesis,structure and behavior of new polycaprolactam copolymers based on poly (ethylene oxide)–poly (propylene oxide)–poly (ethylene oxide) macroactivators derived from Pluronic block copolymers

Novel series of poly (CL–co–Pluronic) polymers were successfully synthesized in situ by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactam (ε-CL). The copolymerization was activated by new type macroactivators (MAs) based on hydroxyl-terminated poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) [PEO-PPO-PEO] triblock copolymers, known under the trade name Pluronic^®. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) was used to obtain the isocyanate-terminated Pluronic prepolymers. The corresponding MAs were synthesized in situ with an N-carbamoyllactam structure. As an initiator of the copolymerization processes was used sodium lactamate (NaCL). To confirm the influence over the copolymerization process, microstructure, composition and molecular weight of the polymeric products two new types MAs based on Pluronic (P123 and F68) have been varied from 2 to 10 wt.% (vs. the monomer ε-CL). The structure of the both Pluronic based macroactivators (MAs) and accordingly obtained two series poly (CL-co-Pluronic) polymers were confirmed by ¹H NMR and FT-IR analyses. Additionally, the structure, molecular weight, physicomechanical behavior, thermal stability and morphology of the new synthesized poly (CL–co–Pluronic) polymers have been investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.     

Application of adult attachment theory to group member transference and the group therapy process.

Although clinical researchers have applied attachment theory to client conceptualization and treatment in individual therapy, few researchers have applied this theory to group therapy. The purpose of this article is to begin to apply theory and research on adult dyadic and group attachment styles to our understanding of group dynamics and processes in adult therapy groups. In particular, we set forth theoretical propositions on how group members’ attachment styles affect relationships within the group. Specifically, this article offers some predictions on how identifying group member dyadic and group attachment styles could help leaders predict member transference within the therapy group. Implications of group member attachment for the selection and composition of a group and the different group stages are discussed. Recommendations for group clinicians and researchers are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

WORKPLACE AS LANDSCAPE — DESIGN OF FACEBOOK HEADQUARTERS IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA

This article is broadly about Facebook Headquarters in Menlo Park, California, with a focus on the planning, design, and ongoing construction of the Bayfront Campus. The project is rooted in ecological principles, restoring a post-industrial brownfield site to a biodiverse and resilient landscape. It reaches to merge the functional needs of workplace culture with habitat created by the establishment of natural systems. Two of three new buildings — MPK 20 and MPK 21 — are now completed, fluidly integrating the architecture and landscape. Together, they form a rich and complex campus landscape that brings people close to each other and to nature, reduces and treats stormwater runoff, minimizes head island effects, and maximizes open space. Responding to ongoing site and program needs, the observations and feedback from MPK 20 (completed in 2015) provided valuable insights on the improvement of MPK 21 (completed in 2018). The design provides abundant landscape services, not only enhancing the knowledge of species that define local California native habitats, but also allowing people to learn through osmosis — relaxing the mind, expanding perception, and stimulating imagination.     

Approximate counting in SMT and value estimation for probabilistic programs

#SMT, or model counting for logical theories, is a well-known hard problem that generalizes such tasks as counting the number of satisfying assignments to a Boolean formula and computing the volume of a polytope. In the realm of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) there is a growing need for model counting solvers, coming from several application domains (quantitative information flow, static analysis of probabilistic programs). In this paper, we show a reduction from an approximate version of #SMT  to SMT. We focus on the theories of integer arithmetic and linear real arithmetic. We propose model counting algorithms that provide approximate solutions with formal bounds on the approximation error. They run in polynomial time and make a polynomial number of queries to the SMT solver for the underlying theory, exploiting “for free” the sophisticated heuristics implemented within modern SMT solvers. We have implemented the algorithms and used them to solve the value problem for a model of loop-free probabilistic programs with nondeterminism.

     

Photoactive mussels inspired polymer coatings: Preparation and antibacterial activity

In this article we report on the facile preparation of photoactive antibacterial mussel inspired polymer coatings deposited on a stainless steel (SS) substrate from water based precursors. The coating is prepared by the sequential deposition of aqueous based solutions of an anchoring layer based on bio-inspired glue, a cationic polymer bearing pendent catechols, a nanogel decorated by ortho-quinones and a photosensitizer of the aminoacridine type. This latter is grafted to the coating by reaction of its amino group with the o-quinone of the deposited nanogel. The deposition of all layers is followed in-line by Quartz crystal microbalance coupled with dissipation (QCM-D) and AFM shows that the thin polymer film repeated the roughness of the SS substrate. The prepared coatings show good mechanical properties applying nanoindentation techniques. The established antibacterial activity of the prepared photoactive polymer coatings on SS against Gram-negative E. coli strain demonstrate their potential as a power tool for medical applications.     

Changes in the ways that group trainees structure their knowledge of group members with training.

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Pathfinder were used to examine changes in the knowledge structures of 9 group therapy trainees, and to examine convergence in the trainees' knowledge structures with one experienced group leader. Participants (experienced group therapist and group therapy trainees) judged the similarity of each pair of group members in an ongoing interpersonal process group early and late in a semester of group therapy training. As in previous research, MDS and Pathfinder analyses of these similarity judgments were used to infer the cognitive structure of the trainees and of the experienced group leader. These analyses suggested that (a) the dimensions used by the trainees to conceptualize group members increased in complexity with training, and (b) trainees' knowledge structures became more similar to the experienced leader's knowledge structure with training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the fatty acid profile of irradiated beef meat

The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the fatty acid profile of beef meat was examined at doses of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 kGy by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy. NMR results revealed a clear trend toward an increase in the amount of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the triacylglycerol composition of the irradiated samples compared to the unirradiated sample with increasing the irradiation dose.     

1H-NMR Spectroscopy as an Alternative Tool for the Detection of ��-ray Irradiated Meat

The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the fatty acid profile of chicken meat was examined at doses of 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 15.0 kGy by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectral results revealed a dose-dependent effect of irradiation on the fatty acid profile. A trend toward an increase in the amount of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the triacylglycerol composition of the irradiated meat samples compared with the non-irradiated one was established with increasing the irradiation dose. The trend of decreasing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups was associated with a decrease in oxidative stability of meat fat after application of γ-ray irradiation.