Tri-Gate Bulk MOSFET Design for CMOS Scaling to the End of the Roadmap

A tri-gate bulk MOSFET design utilizing a low-aspect-ratio channel is proposed to provide an evolutionary pathway for CMOS scaling to the end of the roadmap. 3-D device simulations indicate that this design offers the advantages of a multi-gate FET (reduced variability in performance and improved scalability) together with the advantages of a conventional planar MOSFET (low substrate cost and capability for dynamic threshold-voltage control).     

Substitution of an aspartic acid results in constitutive activation of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase in a rat tumor mast cell line RBL-2H3

The c-kit protooncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates signals required for differentiation, proliferation and survival of mast cells. We have already shown the constitutive activation of c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) in a human mast cell leukemia line (HMC-1) and a murine mastocytoma cell line (P-815). We here examined whether such constitutive activation of KIT occurred in the rat tumor mast cell line RBL-2H3 as well, which is frequently used as a tool for studying functions of mast cells. In RBL-2H3 cells, KIT was constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine and activated in the absence of autocrine production of its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). Sequencing analysis revealed that one of c-kit genes of RBL-2H3 cells had a point mutation, resulting in amino acid substitution of Tyr for Asp in codon 817. When rat wild-type c-kit cDNA and mutant-type c-kit cDNA encoding KITTyr817 were transfected into cells of a human embryonic kidney cell line (293T), only mutant form KITTyr817 was constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine and activated in the absence of SCF. Since mutations at the same Asp codon constitutively activated KIT in all the human HMC-1, murine P-815, and rat RBL-2H3 cell lines, and since the incorporation of antisense oligonucleotides of c-kit messenger RNA significantly suppressed the proliferation of RBL-2H3 cells, the activating mutations in the Asp codon of the c-kit gene appeared to be involved in neoplastic growth of mast cells.     

A rapid dot-blot method for species identification of bloodstains

A very simple and rapid test for species identification is reported. Extracts of bloodstains were applied to a synthetic porous membrane and dried. The membrane was then quenched with glycine buffered saline containing BSA and Tween 20. A suspension of colloidal gold particles (GP) coated with rabbit antiserum to human IgG was poured onto, gently whirled and aspirated through the membrane. Spots from the human and monkey bloodstains became red, whereas those from other species of animals remained unstained. This test was completed within 3 to 4 min, and the antibody-coated GP reagent was prepared within 20 min using a very small quantity of antiserum. Cellulose acetate membranes of 0.45 microns or more in pore size were appropriate to this test.     

金属蒸气法制备聚合物固载Pd－Cu双金属原子簇

为了不使用任何还原剂而获得聚合物固载高分散零价双金属加氢催化剂，利用金属蒸气法制备了３种不同Ｐｄ／Ｃｕ质量比的聚合物固载双金属原子簇。透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）和Ｘ衍射（ＸＲＤ）测定表明，Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ原子簇粒度很小，平均直径小于３．０ｎｍ。Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）表明，Ｐｄ和Ｃｕ均为零价态。Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ原子簇在异丙叉加氢反应中具有很高的活性和选择性。这些结果提供了令人信服的证据，即金属蒸气法可用于在聚合物孔穴内直接而温和地置入小的零价金属原子簇，而且这样制备的聚合物固载金属原子簇很适合于催化应用。     

66/77-kV C-GIS using composite insulation in SF6 gas

A second-generation model of cubicletype gas-insulated switchgear (C-GIS) with composite insulation incorporating SF₆ gas has been developed. The design does not require a gas process in field assembly; it has high reliability and its installation is more rapid; and a further reduction in size is achieved. The design principles are described in detail.     

Circularly polarised printed antenna fed by coplanar waveguide

A new structure of the circularly polarised printed antenna fed by coplanar waveguide (CPW) is proposed. FDTD analysis predicts the radiation of the circularly polarised wave from the antenna. The validity of this analysis is established by comparing with experimental results     

A dynamic-programming-based exact algorithm for general single-machine scheduling with machine idle time

This paper proposes an efficient exact algorithm for the general single-machine scheduling problem where machine idle time is permitted. The algorithm is an extension of the authors’ previous algorithm for the problem without machine idle time, which is based on the SSDP (Successive Sublimation Dynamic Programming) method. We first extend our previous algorithm to the problem with machine idle time and next propose several improvements. Then, the proposed algorithm is applied to four types of single-machine scheduling problems: the total weighted earliness-tardiness problem with equal (zero) release dates, that with distinct release dates, the total weighted completion time problem with distinct release dates, and the total weighted tardiness problem with distinct release dates. Computational experiments demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms existing exact algorithms and can solve instances of the first three problems with up to 200 jobs and those of the last problem with up to 80 jobs.     

Gelation of poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions at low temperatures (20 to −78°C) and properties of gels

The flow points of atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a-PVA) gels with H₂O/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) = 90/10 (v/v) chilled at 20 to ?78°C for 24 h depended on the chilling temperature and were 0–30°C for gels with the initial polymer concentrations (C_i) of 2–5 g/dL, whereas those for H₂O/DMSO = 50/50 chilled at 0 to ?78°C were independent of the chilling temperature and were 70–75°C. Syneresis occurred after eight cycles of freezing (?24°C) and thawing (20°C) for a-PVA hydrogels at concentrations above C_i = 4 g/dL and two such cycles for syndiotacticity-rich PVA (s-PVA) hydrogels at concentrations above C_i = 1 g/dL. The extent of syneresis per one cycle for s-PVA hydrogels was higher than that for a-PVA hydrogels at the initial cycles. In the a-PVA hydrogels with an initial polymer concentration of ca. 30 g/dL, syneresis was expected not to occur even after 20 cycles. If all the free water in the gels is assumed to have transuded by syneresis after 20 cycles, the residual water is bound water and is estimated to be six water molecules per one vinyl alcohol monomer unit. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Oxidation kinetics for <Emphasis Type="Italic">cis</Emphasis>-9,<Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis>-11 and <Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis>-10,<Emphasis Type="Italic">cis</Emphasis>-12 isomers of CLA

The autoxidation processes of the cis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11) and trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12) isomers of CLA were separately observed at ca. 0% RH and different temperatures. The t10,c12 CLA oxidized faster than the c9,t11 isomer at all tested temperatures. The first half of the oxidation process of t10,c12 CLA obeyed an autocatalytic-type rate expression, but the latter half followed first-order kinetics. On the other hand, the entire oxidation process of c9,t11 CLA could be expressed by the autocatalytic-type rate expression. The apparent activation energies and frequency factors for the autoxidation of the isomers were estimated from the rate constants obtained at various temperatures based on the Arrhenius equation. The apparent activation energies for the CLA isomers were greater than those for the nonconjugated n−6 and n−3 PUFA or their esters. However, the enthalpyentropy compensation held during the autoxidation of both the CLA and PUFA. This suggested that the autoxidation mechanisms for the CLA and PUFA were essentially the same.