Population effect of a large‐scale stream restoration effort on Chinook salmon in the Pahsimeroi River,Idaho

Stream habitat restoration is an important tool for fisheries management in impaired lotic systems. Although small‐scale benefits of stream habitat restoration are commonly investigated, it is difficult to demonstrate population effects. The Pahsimeroi River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha population was previously restricted to the lower portion of the river by multiple irrigation structures. To address fish passage issues, a combination of restoration projects was initiated including barrier removals, instream flow enhancements and installation of fish screens on diversions. The largest barrier was removed in 2009, more than doubling the amount of accessible linear habitat. We hypothesized restoration efforts would expand the distribution of spawning salmon in the Pahsimeroi River watershed, leading to a broader distribution of juveniles. We also hypothesized a broader juvenile distribution would have population effects by reducing the prevalence of density‐dependent growth and survival. Redds were documented in newly accessible habitat immediately following barrier removal and accounted for a median of 42% of all redds in the Pahsimeroi River watershed during 2009–2015. Snorkel surveys also documented juvenile rearing in newly accessible habitat. Juvenile productivity increased from a median of 64 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2002–2008 to 99 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2009–2014. Overall, results suggested increased habitat accessibility in the Pahsimeroi River broadened the distribution of spawning adult and rearing juvenile salmon and reduced the effects of density‐dependent survival. Large‐scale stream restoration efforts can have a population effect. Despite the large‐scale effort and response, habitat restoration alone is likely not sufficient to restore this population.     

Hydrocracking of waste lubricant into gasoline fraction over CoMo catalyst supported on mesoporous carbon from bovine bone gelatin

The hydrocracking of waste lubricant into gasoline fraction was carried out using CoMo catalyst supported on mesoporous carbon. The carbon was synthesized using bovine bone gelatin and SBA-15 as a template. The metals were loaded onto the carbon by wet impregnation method. The total metal content of catalyst was prepared into two different amounts which were labelled as CoMo/MCG1 and CoMo/MCG2. Catalytic activity and selectivity were evaluated in hydrocracking of waste lubricant at 450, 475, and 500 °C, and lubricant/catalyst weight ratio of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400. The result revealed that acidity and specific surface area of the catalyst played an important role in determining the catalytic performance in the hydrocracking of waste lubricant. The highest percentage of gasoline fraction was 58.09%, produced by hydrocracking of waste lubricant at 475 °C and lubricant/catalyst weight ratio of 300 using CoMo/MCG2 catalyst.     

Healthcare provider cultural competency: Development and initial validation of a patient report measure.

Objective: Health researchers have proposed that provider cultural competency may contribute to health disparities. Yet, this belief continues to lack empirical support, and this is due in part to measurement issues that have plagued the cultural competency construct. In the present research, we report on the development of a theoretically grounded, generally applicable, and patient report measure of provider cultural competency. Design: Samples of predominantly African American patients (N = 310) were recruited from three urban medical clinics to complete a survey about their relationship with their physician. Main Outcome Measures: We examined the factor structure, validity and other psychometric characteristics of a newly proposed patient report measure of provider cultural competency. Results: Psychometric analyses supported a tripartite model of cultural competency that was comprised of patient judgments of their physician's cultural knowledge, awareness, and skill. In addition, this result was replicated across multiple clinical contexts, while also demonstrating convergent and incremental validity when correlated with measures of trust, satisfaction and discrimination. Conclusion: This newly proposed measure addresses prior limitations in cultural competency measurement and may enhance future research by providing a standardized tool for use in multiple clinical and cultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

为你讲述“9550”金字招牌的故事

导火线：在前段时间举行的NVISION大会上,NViDIA“不小心”透露了自己将会推出一款型号为GeForce 9550GT的显卡,以对抗竞争对手的Radeon HD4670。不料这则新闻一经刊登便引来了无数玩家的关注,其中有不少玩家评论到,NVIDIA这次采用“9550”这个名称纯粹是在盗用ATI当年经典的产品型号,一时间关于“9550”的讨论成为大家热议的焦点。     

Synesthesia and memory: Color congruency, von Restorff, and false memory effects.

In the current study, we explored the influence of synesthesia on memory for word lists. We tested 10 grapheme-color synesthetes who reported an experience of color when reading letters or words. We replicated a previous finding that memory is compromised when synesthetic color is incongruent with perceptual color. Beyond this, we found that, although their memory for word lists was superior overall, synesthetes did not exhibit typical color- or semantic-defined von Restorff isolation effects (von Restorff, 1933) compared with control participants. Moreover, our synesthetes exhibited a reduced Deese–Roediger–McDermott false memory effect (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Taken as a whole, these findings are consistent with the idea that color-grapheme synesthesia can lead people to place a greater emphasis on item-specific processing and surface form characteristics of words in a list (e.g., the letters that make them up) relative to relational processing and more meaning-based processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Linear Optical Trajectory Informs the Fielder Where to Run to the Side to Catch Fly Balls.

P. McLeod, N. Reed, and Z. Dienes (2002) argued that the linear optical trajectory (LOT) strategy incorrectly cues fielders to run forward for balls headed beyond them. The authors of this article explain that the downward optical curvature found for balls landing beyond the fielder's initial position occurs because the balls reorient the direction the fielder is facing during pursuit. Thus, when downward optical curvature begins, the ball is headed to land in front of where the fielder is facing and running. This investigation of open-loop failure conditions has led to new insights such as the reorientation of the fielder, and it supports the use of maintaining matching rates of vertical and lateral optical ball movement consistent with primacy of the LOT control mechanism even when interception is unachievable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Liquid phase equilibrium of phenol extraction from bio-oil produced by biomass pyrolysis using thermodynamic models

Utilization of biomass as a new and renewable energy source is being actively conducted by various parties. One of the technologies for utilizing or converting biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis, to convert biomass into a more valuable product which is bio-oil. Bio-oil is a condensed liquid from the vapor phase of biomass pyrolysis such as coconut shells and coffee shells. Biomass composition consisting of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin will oxidize to phenol which is the main content in bio-oil. The total phenolic compounds contained in bio-oil are 47.03% (coconut shell) and 45% (coffee shell). The content of phenol compounds in corrosive bio-oils still quite high, the use of this bio-oil directly will cause various difficulties in the combustion system due to high viscosity, low calorific value, corrosivity, and instability. Phenol compounds have some benefits as one of the compounds for floor cleaners and disinfectants which are contained in bio-oil.The correlation between experimental data and calculations shows that the UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients (UNIFAC) equilibrium model can be used to predict the liquid–liquid equilibrium in the phenol extraction process of the coconut shell pyrolysis bio-oil. While the Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) equilibrium model can be used to predict liquid–liquid equilibrium in the extraction process of phenol from bio-oil pyrolysis of coffee shells.     

为你讲述绿色电脑硬件的故事

导火线：近年来，因能源危机以及气候变暖的原因，给地球母亲造成了不小的影响。我们平常使用的电脑虽然貌不惊人，但是算下数量总和，加在一起的电力消耗也是相当惊人。近期各大IT厂商也与时俱进，推出了数款绿色ITP：品，让“省电、节能、环保”成为了当前DIY硬件市场的主旋律。本文就为大家详细介绍各大厂商的节能省电技术，看看你的电脑有多少配件是绿色产品。     

Strategies for Volumetric Recovery of Large Scale Damage in Polymers

The maximum volume that can be restored after catastrophic damage in a newly developed regenerative polymer system is explored for various mixing, surface wetting, specimen configuration, and microvascular delivery conditions. A two‐stage healing agent is implemented to overcome limitations imposed by surface tension and gravity on liquid retention within a damage volume. The healing agent is formulated as a two‐part system in which the two reagent solutions are delivered to a through‐thickness, cylindrical defect geometry by parallel microvascular channels in thin epoxy sheets. Mixing occurs as the solutions enter the damage region, inducing gelation to initiate an accretive deposition process that enables large damage volume regeneration. The progression of the damage recovery process is tracked using optical and fluorescent imaging, and the mixing efficiency is analyzed. Complete recovery of gaps spanning 11.2 mm in diameter (98 mm²) is achieved under optimal conditions.