A parallel genetic algorithm for adaptive hardware and its application to ECG signal classification

This paper presents a parallel genetic algorithm (GA) called the cellular compact genetic algorithm (c-cGA) and its implementation for adaptive hardware. An adaptive hardware based on the c-cGA is proposed to automate real-time classification of ECG signals. The c-cGA not only provides a strong search capability while maintaining genetic diversity using multiple GAs but also has a cellular-like structure and is a straight-forward algorithm suitable for hardware implementation. The c-cGA hardware and an adaptive digital filter structure also perform an adaptive feature selection in real time. The c-cGA is applied to a block-based neural network (BbNN) for online learning in the hardware. Using an adaptive hardware approach based on the c-cGA, an adaptive hardware system for classifying ECG signals is feasible. The proposed adaptive hardware can be implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) for an adaptive embedded system applied to personalised ECG signal classifications for long-term patient monitoring.     

Ferromagnetism and optical properties of La1???x Al x FeO3 nanopowders

La_{1 − x} Al _x FeO₃ (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) nanopowders were prepared by polymerization complex method. All prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-vis spectrophotometry (UV-vis). The magnetic properties were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The X-ray results of all samples show the formation of an orthorhombic phase with the second phase of α-Fe₂O₃ in doped samples. The crystallite sizes of nanoparticles decreased with increasing Al content, and they are found to be in the range of 58.45 ± 5.90 to 15.58 ± 4.64 nm. SEM and TEM images show the agglomeration of nanoparticles with average particle size in the range of 60 to 75 nm. The FT-IR spectra confirm the presence of metal oxygen bonds of O-Fe-O and Fe-O in the FeO₆ octahedra. The UV-vis spectra show strong absorption peaks at approximately 285 nm, and the calculated optical band gaps are found to be in the range of 2.05 to 2.09 eV with increasing Al content. The M-H loop of the pure sample is antiferromagnetic, whereas those of the doped samples tend to be ferromagnetic with increasing Al content. The magnetization, remanent magnetization, and coercive field of the Al-doped sample with x = 0.5 are enhanced to 1.665 emu/g, 0.623 emu/g, and 4,087.0 Oe, respectively.