稀土、钛对奥氏体锰钢中非金属夹杂物的影响

本文研究了轻、重稀土对奥氏体锰钢中非金属夹杂物类型、形态与分布的影响。实验结果表明稀土可以使奥氏体锰钢中的非金属夹杂物变小、变圆且弥散分布。加 Ti-Fe 孕育处理,可以使奥氏体锰钢的晶粒度细化1～2级以上,从而改善了夹杂物的分布。因此显著地提高了中锰钢的冲击韧性,冲击值可达到80J/cm~2(u 型缺口)以上。     

耐磨锰钢中共晶体的球化

对Ｃａ变质处理的奥氏体－贝氏体耐磨锰钢进行了热力学二维点阵错配度计算，采用ＴＥＭ和ＳＥＭ观察及电子探针分析，发现ＣａＳ可以作为共晶体（奥氏体－渗碳体）的异质核心而使共晶体球化．     

Effect of second phase precipitation behavior on mechanical properties of casting Al-Cu alloys

The effect of the second phase precipitation behavior on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the modified casting Al-Cu alloys was investigated. The tensile strength of the alloys increases firstly and then decreases due to the appearance of θ＇ precipitation phases, which increases firstly and then become coarser with the aging time increasing from 10 h to 20 h at 155 ℃. The strength of the alloys reaches the peak, resulting from ,Ω and θ＇ precipitation phases, and decreases due to ,Ω phases becoming coarser and θ＇ precipitation decreasing with the aging time increasing from 10 h to 20 h at 165 ℃. ,θ phase becoming coarser and θ＇ precipitation decreasing result in the strength of the alloys drastically decreasing after aging at 175 ℃ for 20 h. The ductility remains high level with increasing aging time at 155 ℃. The ductility irregularly changes as aging time prolongs at 165 ℃. The ductility is very low and at the same time gradually decreases with increasing aging time at 175 ℃. The Al-Cu alloy with a promising combination of tensile strength and ductility of about 474 MPa and 12.0% after aging at 165℃ for 10 h is due to a dense, uniform distribution of,Ω precipitation phases together with a heterogeneous distribution of θ＇ precipitations.     

外场在材料制备和加工过程中的应用

总结了近几年来电流、磁场、振动、微重力场和超重力场等外场在金属凝固过程的应用,及其对固态相变过程的影响;从理论上分析和论述了外场影响凝固过程和固态相变的作用机理,并展望了外场技术的发展前景.     

铝复合变质处理对M_2铸造高速钢的影响

Ｍ２铸造高速钢加铝复合变质处理后，可减小Ｗ，Ｍｏ元素偏析，加大Ｃｒ元素偏析，改善铸态与热处理后组织中共晶碳化物的形态和分布，提高机械性能。     

Fe-C-Ti-Mn合金系中TiC原位生成反应的热力学分析

根据溶液热力学理论对Fe C Ti Mn体系中TiC增强体的原位合成进行了热力学分析。计算表明,体系中TiC优先于Fe3C和Fe2Ti形成,且在热力学上比Fe3C和Fe2Ti稳定。多数情况下,TiC基体合金在液态未凝固时即可形成,而Fe3C和Fe2Ti则是在合金凝固和冷却过程中才有可能析出。随C含量增加,形成TiC和Fe3C的可能性增大;随Ti含量增加,形成Fe2Ti的可能性增大,而形成Fe3C的可能性减小;高Ti高C时,有利于形成TiC,高Ti低C时有利于形成Fe2Ti;高C低Ti时有利于形成Fe3C;添加适量的Mn既可有效抑制Fe3C的形成,又明显降低TiC的合成温度,使大多数TiC的合成反应发生在合金熔体充满铸型后的冷却、凝固过程中,可能解决TiC过早析出、熔体粘度增大、充型困难等问题。     

精铸热锻模具的脆性断裂

指出了精铸热锻模具脆性断裂主要是由于材料和工艺不完善造成的。通过优化材质及工艺基本可以消除脆性断裂。早期脆性断裂现象大多由于热处理及操作不当所致;冲击疲劳断裂是常见的脆性断裂现象,是由于模具制造缺陷(如砂眼、显微裂纹等)以及热疲劳裂纹作为疲劳裂纹源扩展后所致。     

铬系高合金冷作模具钢“以铸代锻”工艺初探

探讨铬系高合金冷作模具钢的特点及“以铸代锻”工艺的可行性，采用变质处理及热处理初步达到在非锻造条件下网状共晶碳化物粒化的要求，为“以铸代锻”工艺应用奠定了基础。     

奥氏体锰钢在非强烈冲击下加工硬化机理的探讨

本文主要研究了碳、锰含量及时效热处理,对奥氏体锰钢在非强烈:中击工况下加工硬化性能的影响,并对硬化机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明:含碳量提高,含锰量降低,时效热处理,可以提高奥氏体锰钢的加工硬化能力。在非强烈冲击下,稳定性高的奥氏体锰钢的加工硬化主要是位错作用的结果。而奥氏体稳定性低的奥氏体锰钢的加工硬化,主要是形变诱发马氏体与位错综合作用的结果。在非强烈冲击工况下,高碳中锰钢的加工硬化能力高于普通高锰钢,其使用寿命比普通高锰钢提高40～60％。     

Research on Thermal Wear of Cast Hot Forging Die Steel Modified by Rare Earths

Thermal wear of cast hot-forging die steel modified by rare earths（RE） was studied and compared with commercially used die steels. The function of RE and the mechanism of thermal wear of cast steel modified by RE were discussed. The results showed that with increasing content of RE, the wear rate of cast steel reduced at first and then increased. By adding 0.05% （mass fraction） RE, the cast hot-forging die steel with optimum thermal wear resistance was obtained, which was better than that of H13 and 3Cr2WSV. The large amount of coarse inclusions, （RE）2O2S, resulted from excessive RE, which obviously deteriorated thermal wear resistance. The mechanism of thermal wear of the modified cast die steel is oxidation wear and oxide fatigue delamination. The wear debris are lumps of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.