喷气燃料微生物ATP荧光检测酶反应体系研究

荧光素酶反应体系是利用ATP生物荧光法检测喷气燃料微生物污染的关键.为了获得最佳的酶反应体系,本研究以ATP标准物质为研究对象,考察了荧光素酶、荧光素和Mg2+的最佳使用量.结果表明:荧光素酶、荧光素和Mg2+的最佳使用量依次为0.05 mg·mL-1、0.08 mg·mL-1和5 mmol·L-1.通过考察Mg2+与ATP相互作用对荧光反应的影响发现,ATP在与荧光素酶之前预先与Mg2+结合,可以提高荧光反应的效率,使相对发光强度有所增加.相比于传统的培养法和HY-LITE JET A1燃料试验,优化的荧光素酶-荧光素反应体系提高了检测效率、大幅度降低了检测成本.     

磁场中含氯化石蜡润滑油的摩擦学性能研究

在有磁场和无磁场的条件下,用改进过的四球试验机考察了不同载荷下含氯化石蜡润滑油的摩擦学特性。在磁场的作用下,含氯化石蜡润滑油中钢球的磨斑直径均有所降低,说明含氯化石蜡润滑油的抗磨性能得到改善。磁场有利于摩擦副表面吸附氯化铁膜,提高了含氯化石蜡润滑介质的抗磨性能。但磁场会导致更严重的腐蚀。     

机动管线排空过程中气携液流动特性研究进展

气顶排空是机动管线排空的主要方法之一,涉及复杂的气液两相流运动及清管技术.讨论了管道清管技术的发展情况,综述了近年来气液两相流的研究进展,对起伏管道内滞留液层的运动机理及气携液流动特性进行了分析,对目前存在的问题和下一步的研究方向提出了建议.     

特征真菌对喷气燃料性质的影响

为探索喷气燃料中微生物污染对喷气燃料性质的影响,构建了以喷气燃料为唯一碳源的混合特征真菌培养体系,系统研究了喷气燃料特征真菌对喷气燃料外观、总酸值、银片腐蚀、水反应试验以及表面张力等指标的影响,结合三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生物荧光检测法,考察了微生物污染总量与喷气燃料质量指标之间的关系。结果表明：特征真菌在生长繁殖过程中会产生酸性物质和表面活性物质,使喷气燃料酸值上升、表面张力下降,引起喷气燃料外观不符合标准要求,在试验周期内对喷气燃料水反应试验、银片腐蚀等指标无显著影响;当喷气燃料中ATP含量大于5 500 RLU/L时,喷气燃料总酸值超标,导致质量不合格。     

Preparation and tribological properties of lanthanum-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in rapeseed oil

Oleic acid (denoted as OA) surface-capped lanthanum-doped titanium dioxide composite nanoparticles,abbreviated as OA/La-TiO2,were prepared via sol-gel method in association with surface modification by oleic acid.The microstructure of as-prepared OA/La-TiO2 was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,and their thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry.Moreover,the tribological properties of OA/La-TiO2 as lubricant additives in rapeseed oil were evaluated with a four-ball friction and wear tester.The morphology as well as elemental composition and chemical characteristics of worn steel surfaces was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Results showed that as-prepared OA/La-TiO2 particles were of spherical shape and had an average diameter of 20 nm.In the meantime,OA/La-TiO2 particles doped with 1.5% (molar ratio;the same hereafter) and 2.5% of lanthanum could markedly improve the anti-wear and friction-reducing capacities of rapeseed oil.This is attributed to the formation of a complex boundary lubrication film mainly composed of the oxides of iron,titanium and lanthanum as well as the formation of an adsorption film of oleic acid on steel sliding surfaces.     

疏水性硼酸镧纳米片的制备及其在菜籽油中的摩擦学行为

采用水热法制备了油酸修饰的硼酸镧纳米片,记为OA/ LaBO3?H2O,利用SEM、 TEM、EDS、 FTIR 和XRD对其微结构进行了表征,在四球摩擦试验机上评价了其在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能,并利用SEM与XPS对磨损表面的摩擦化学特征进行了研究。结果表明：硼酸镧呈纳米片结构,其直径为100 ～ 300 nm、厚度约为25 nm;OA/ LaBO3?H2O在菜籽油中显示了优异的分散稳定性,添加OA/ LaBO3?H2O的菜籽油能显著降低钢球的摩擦与磨损,当OA/ LaBO3?H2O的添加浓度为1%（质量浓度）时,菜籽油的减摩抗磨性能最佳。这是由于在摩擦表面形成了一层由B2O3、La2O3、Fe2O3摩擦化学反应物,OA/ LaBO3?H2O沉积物和菜籽油吸附物组成的边界润滑膜。     

疏水性硼酸钙纳米添加剂对菜籽油摩擦学性能的影响

分别使用硬脂酸、油酸、乙二胺四乙酸、聚乙二醇等对硼酸钙进行表面改性,制备了多种具有不同疏水性的纳米硼酸钙润滑油添加剂;进而,通过扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、摩擦试验等方法系统研究了改性纳米硼酸钙对菜籽油抗磨、减摩性能的影响.结果表明:在各种表面改性纳米硼酸钙中,硬脂酸改性硼酸钙的疏水性最佳,油酸改性硼酸钙的疏水性次之...     

SERS快速检测水溶液中多环芳烃应用现状分析

以表面增强拉曼光谱分析法对多环芳烃的快速检测为切入点,对多环芳烃传统检测方法及新型快速分析方法进行分析,对传统检测方法及新型检测方法的优缺点进行概述,对2008至2020年SERS检测多环芳烃研究现状进行分析,并对1996至2020年有关拉曼光谱分析多环芳烃研究领域文献产出量进行分析,对应用SERS技术研究PAHs文献...     

Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oils with triethanolamine borate under Electromagnetic Field

Tribological properties of 150SN mineral oil and lubricating oils containing triethanolamine borate (TBE) with and without electromagnetic field impact were evaluated on a modified four-ball tribo-tester. The characteristics of the worn surfaces were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the tribological mechanisms are discussed from the viewpoint of physical effect and chemical effect. The results indicated that the friction coefficients and wear scar diameters (WSDs) lubricated by 150SN mineral oil under electromagnetic field were higher than those without electromagnetism impact. The WSDs of steel balls lubricated by TBE-doped oils under electromagnetic field were smaller than those obtained from non-electromagnetic field, but the friction coefficients were higher than those under non-electromagnetic field. A protective coating consists of wear particles could be formed on the frictional surface due to the physical effect of electromagnetic field on wear debris. The electromagnetic field could facilitate the interaction of elemental boron and nitrogen in TBE with metal interfaces, and contributes to forming tribo-chemical reaction film to reduce friction and wear.     

疏水性硼酸镧纳米棒的制备及其在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能(英文)

采用水热法合成油酸修饰的硼酸镧纳米棒(OA/La BO3·H2O),利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜等测试技术对其微观结构进行表征,并在四球摩擦试验机上考察其在菜籽油中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,所制备的OA/La BO3·H2O为直径约50 nm、长达500 nm的疏水性纳米棒。OA/La BO3·H2O能显著提高菜籽油的抗磨减摩性能;当OA/La BO3·H2O的添加量为1%(质量分数)时,菜籽油的抗磨减摩性能最佳。