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Moschetti Michael Xu Alan Schuh Benjamin Hohenwarter Anton Couzinié Jean-Philippe Kruzic Jamie J. Bhattacharyya Dhriti Gludovatz Bernd 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2020,72(1):130-138
JOM - Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are potential candidate materials for use in next-generation nuclear reactors due to their excellent mechanical performance at high temperatures. Here,... 相似文献
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J. Pokluda R. Pippan T. Vojtek A. Hohenwarter 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2014,37(3):232-254
This review paper presents a brief state‐of‐the art of the research on long fatigue shear‐mode cracks and describes some recent results on effective crack growth thresholds and mode I branching conditions achieved by the authors for ARMCO iron, titanium with two different microstructures, nickel and stainless steel. A special technique for preparation of fatigue precracks enabled us to substantially suppress the crack closure (friction) effects at the beginning of the experiment, and the measured threshold values could be considered to be very close to the effective ones. In all investigated materials, the effective thresholds under the remote mode II loading were found to be about 1.7 times lower than those under the remote mode III loading. Effective thresholds under mode II loading of investigated materials were found to follow a simple formula assembled by the shear modulus G, the magnitude of Burgers vector b and a goniometrical function nα of the mean deflection angle that depends on the number of available crystallographic slip systems. These quantities determine the intrinsic material resistance to mode II crack propagation at the threshold. A simple criterion for mode I branching in terms of effective threshold values well reflects a transition from the shear‐mode to the opening‐mode controlled crack propagation at the threshold. The associated transition deflection angle of 40° is a material independent constant. 相似文献
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Fracture toughness measurements on bcc iron (Armco-iron), which is subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD), were performed.
Through high pressure torsion, an ultrafine grain structure was obtained and with subsequent heat treatments the grain size
varied between 300 nm and 5 μm. The combination of SPD and individual heat treatments allows for a systematic study of the
ductile to brittle transition (DBT) in the fracture behaviour as a function of grain size. Additionally, the influence of
different crack plane orientations was taken into account. The results show that the DBT moves for smaller grain sizes (<1 μm)
to higher transition temperatures. Furthermore, large differences in the absolute toughness values for a given temperature
for the different crack plane orientations and grain sizes were determined. The findings can be related to a change in the
crack path from transcrystalline fracture for grain sizes larger than 1 μm to intercrystalline-dominated fracture for grain
sizes smaller than 1 μm. 相似文献
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The fracture behaviour of pure iron deformed by equal-channel angular pressing via route A was examined. The fracture toughness was determined for different specimen orientations and measured in terms of the critical plane strain fracture toughness, KIC, the critical J integral, JIC, and the crack opening displacement for crack initiation, CODi. The results demonstrate that the crack plane orientation has a pronounced effect on the fracture toughness. Different crack plane orientations lead to either crack deflection or delamination, resulting in increased fracture resistance in comparison to one remarkably weak specimen orientation. The relation between the microstructure typical for the applied deformation route and the enormous differences in the fracture toughness depending on the crack plane orientation will be analyzed in this paper. 相似文献
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Introduction of Planar High Pressure Torsion (P‐HPT) for Fabrication of Nanostructured Sheets 下载免费PDF全文
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The near-threshold behavior of mode II and mode III long fatigue cracks in ferritic (ARMCO iron) and austenitic (X5CrNi18-10) steel were experimentally studied using various samples specially prepared to obtain the effective threshold values ΔKIIeff,th and ΔKIIIeff,th. In both investigated materials, the effective thresholds for mode III were ~1.7 times higher than those for mode II. Three-dimensional topological data obtained by the examination of fracture surfaces using stereophotogrammetry were utilized to identify crack growth micromechanisms. In austenite, mode I branching of both the mode II and mode III cracks started at the very onset of crack growth. On the other hand, all cracks in ferrite propagated in crystallographically assisted local mixed mode I + II + III with mode II dominance. These experimental results can be understood in terms of crack growth micromechanisms according to a deformation model in ferrite and a decohesion model in austenite. The dissimilarity of growth mechanisms in ferrite and austenite may be attributed to a different number of available slip systems in body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic metals. 相似文献
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Severin Jakob Manuel J. Pfeifenberger Anton Hohenwarter Reinhard Pippan 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2013,14(1):574-583
AbstractThe standard preparation technique for micro-sized samples is focused ion beam milling, most frequently using Ga+ ions. The main drawbacks are the required processing time and the possibility and risks of ion implantation. In contrast, ultrashort pulsed laser ablation can process any type of material with ideally negligible damage to the surrounding volume and provides 4 to 6 orders of magnitude higher ablation rates than the ion beam technique. In this work, a femtosecond laser was used to prepare wood samples from spruce for mechanical testing at the micrometre level. After optimization of the different laser parameters, tensile and compressive specimens were produced from microtomed radial-tangential and longitudinal-tangential sections. Additionally, laser-processed samples were exposed to an electron beam prior to testing to study possible beam damage. The specimens originating from these different preparation conditions were mechanically tested. Advantages and limitations of the femtosecond laser preparation technique and the deformation and fracture behaviour of the samples are discussed. The results prove that femtosecond laser processing is a fast and precise preparation technique, which enables the fabrication of pristine biological samples with dimensions at the microscale. 相似文献
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Davidson B.A. Redwing R.D. O'Callaghan J. Raissi F. Ji Ung Lee Burke J.P. Hohenwarter G.K.G. Nordman J.E. Beyer J.B. Liou S.H. Eckstein J. Siegal M.P. Hou S.Y. Phillips J.M. 《Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on》1994,4(4):228-235
We describe results of a study comparing the magnetic field sensitivities of variable thickness bridge (VTB) arrays fabricated in TBCCO, BSCCO, and YBCO thin films. Identical structures were patterned in a variety of films, and the bridges were thinned by four different methods. Analysis of the data yields experimental evidence as to the suitability of these types of films for devices such as the superconducting flux flow transistor (SFFT) which is based on this geometry. The volt-ampere characteristics of the arrays were measured in low uniform magnetic fields (⩽130 G) and in nonuniform fields (⩽5 G) produced by a nearby control line. For these films in this geometry, no measurable effect of the control line magnetic field was observed. Large values of transresistance and current gain could only be attained through a thermal mechanism when the control line was driven normal. Upper bounds for (magnetically generated) transresistance (⩽5 mΩ) and current gains (⩽0.005) have been inferred from the uniform field data assuming a standard best-case device geometry. All volt-ampere curves followed closely a power law relationship (V~I n), with exponent n ~1.2-10. We suggest materials considerations that may yield improved device performance 相似文献