二级支护边坡重力式挡墙地震动力特性的振动台试验研究

根据顺层岩石倾角20°,30°和40°,设计了3个比尺为1∶8、重力式挡墙与格构式锚杆框架结构二级组合支护的厚覆盖层与顺层岩石边坡模型,开展了3个大型振动台模型试验,对比研究多级支护和不同顺层岩石倾角条件下重力式挡墙的地震动力响应特性。大型振动台模型试验以汶川波作为激振波,采用水平(X)向、竖直(Z)向和水平竖直(XZ)双向等三种激振方式,测试了重力式挡墙加速度、动位移和动土压力响应特性。通过分析加速度动力响应特性,得到了加速度放大系数随激振方式、激振加速度峰值、墙高和顺层岩石倾角的变化规律;通过分析动位移响应特性发现,重力式挡墙主要产生水平向动位移响应和动位移模式,且主要由水平向激振所产生,其动位移响应特性、动位移模式不因激振方式、岩层倾角而变化;通过对动土压力响应特性分析,得到了不同岩层倾角、激振方式条件下的动土压力沿墙高分布形式,以及动土压力响应峰值与岩层倾角、激振方式的变化规律。试验研究结论为二级支护边坡中重力式挡墙抗震设计及其地震动力反应特性的进一步研究奠定了良好的基础。     

Interaction between transverse isotropy rock slope and supporting structure

In order to study the interaction between transverse isotropy rock mass and supporting structure,the laboratory tests for rock sampled from the slope at expressway project were carried out,and the parameters of elasticity for transverse isotropic rock were determined by the uniaxial compression tests for rock sample with different strike of stratification plane.Then,based on the relationship of stress-stain for transverse isotropic rock mass,the analytical model was established for the interaction between transverse isotropic rock mass and frame beam with pre-stressed anchor cable.Furthermore,the conception of the best anchorage-angle in pre-stressed anchor cable was proposed.At last,the parameters of the interaction between transverse isotropy rock mass and frame beam with pre-stressed anchor cable were investigated by finite element method,and the best anchorage-angle in pre-stressed anchor cable was obtained.The rules of the influence of the directivity of stratification plane on supporting structure were determined.The results show that the analytical model and numerical method on the design of pre-stressed anchor cable with frame beam supporting for transverse isotropy rock slope are reasonable and reliable in practical engineering design.     

桩板墙地震动力特性的大型振动台模型试验研究

 通过1个比尺1∶8的二级支护边坡大型振动台模型试验,研究地震条件下桩板式挡墙加速度、动位移和动土压力等的响应特性,模型试验以汶川波、大瑞人工波和Kobe波3种地震波作为振动台激振波,汶川波采用水平(X)向、竖直(Z)向和水平竖直(XZ)双向3种激振方式,大瑞人工波和Kobe波采用水平竖直(XZ)双向1种激振方式,研究地震波作用方向和方式以及地震波形等地震动参数对桩板式挡墙地震动力响应特性的影响规律。研究表明：桩板式挡墙加速度、动位移和动土压力等的响应特性,主要受水平向地震波作用的影响,且与地震波类型、激振方向和方式以及测点位置有关。加速度动力响应峰值呈现出沿墙高非线性增大的特征,因而在采用拟静力法时,有必要在考虑支挡结构组合方式、边坡特性及地震波作用方式等影响的基础上,采用合适的地震荷载拟静力值的放大系数。动位移响应峰值和永久位移值呈现出非线性响应特性,水平竖直(XZ)双向地震波激振下,桩板墙主要产生离开土体向边坡外侧平移的动位移模式。动土压力响应峰值沿墙高呈现出两头小中间大的非线性分布特征。     

横观各向同性岩体边坡与预应力锚索框架梁相互作用研究

为研究横观各向同性岩体边坡与支护结构的相互作用机制,结合高速公路边坡工程,对现场岩样进行分组实验,通过不同层理面走向的岩样进行单轴压缩实验,确定边坡横观各向同性岩体的弹性特征参数.在横观各向同性岩体的应力-应变关系等理论基础上,建立横观各向同性岩体边坡与预应力锚索框架梁相互作用的分析模型,提出预应力锚索最佳锚固角的概念,利用有限元法进行数值分析,对各种横观各向同性岩体边坡的预应力锚索锚固角度以及横观同性岩体边坡与预应力锚索框架梁相互作用进行参数研究,提出层理的方向性对支护结构影响的规律.研究结果表明,所提出的分析模型和方法可为横观各向同性岩体边坡的预应力锚索框架梁支护设计提供了理论依据和工程借鉴.     

Feature of resistivity response of slope from steady to unsteady

Using resistivity as index and referring to the law about effect of slope to resistivity,the apparent resistivities of geophysical model concerned with unsteady rock type slope failure were calculated systematically by using the boundary integral equation method.After studying the feature of resistivity response of slope failure,the variety of resistivity during evolution of slope from steady to unsteady was found and the characteristics of resistivity response about slope failure was concluded.These make electrical exploring method for detecting the slip plane or structural plane of slope failure,evaluating the stability of the slope,and forecasting slope failure become true.     

应用有限元法分析冲刷对桥墩稳定性的影响

阐述了桥墩在受各种不同冲刷程度的影响下，通过改变基底的支承方式模拟基础底部被掏空的途径，应用有限元方法进行基底压应力和墩顶位移计算分析的方法，为受冲刷桥墩的稳定性分析提供了有力的依据。     

Effect of concrete creep on pre-camber of continuous rigid-frame bridge

The effect of concrete creep on the pre-camber of a long-span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame bridge constructed by cantilever casting method was investigated.The difference of creep coefficients calculated with two Chinese codes was discussed.Based on the calculations,the pre-camber of a pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid-frame box bridge was computed for construction control purpose.The results show that the short-term creep coefficient and long-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 are larger than those calculated with the CC-2004,while the medium-term creep coefficient calculated with the CC-1985 is smaller than that calculated with the CC-2004.The difference of creep deformation calculated with these two codes is small,and the influences of concrete creep on the pre-camber for most of the segments are negligible.The deflections and stresses of the box girder measured during the construction stages agree very well with the predictions.     

岩石横观各向同性参数试验研究

从横观各向同性理论出发,对现场采集的岩样进行室内单轴压缩试验和巴西劈裂试验,对岩石的各向异性参数进行了研究,探讨了弹性模量、抗压强度和抗拉强度随岩层倾角变化的规律,以及压力和拉力作用下各个不同倾角的岩样的破坏情况,并得出了横观各向同性岩体的弹性特征参数,为岩石各向异性的研究提供了一些有价值的参考信息。