井眼剪切带分叉研究

井眼基本破坏形式是由于不稳定性造成的井眼岩石崩落坍塌和剪切带。井眼破坏的非均匀性采用传统的理论和方法不能得到较好的解释和预测。采用材料的分叉分析方法和变形局部化的数值模拟研究 ,可望对井眼失效的机理分析、预测和控制提供新的思路     

Analysis of damage localization for ductile metal in process of shear band propagation

1 Introduction Shear localization is an important and often dominating deformation and failure mechanism for Ti and Ti alloy in dynamic loadings[1—10]. The eventual outcome of localized deformation is ductile rupture and material separation. Shear locali…     

Localized shear deformation during shear band propagation in titanium considering interactions among microstructures

Closed-form analytical solutions of plastic shear strain and relative plastic shear displacement during shear band propagation are proposed under dynamic loadings based on gradient-dependent plasticity considering the effect of microstructures due to heterogeneous texture of Ti. According to the differences in shear stress levels, Ti specimen is divided into three regions: residual region, strain-softening region and elastic region. Well-developed shear band is formed in the residual region and the relative plastic shear displacement no longer increases. In the normal and tangential directions, the plastic strain and the displacement are nonuniform in the strain-softening region.At the tip of shear band, the shear stress acting on the band is increased to shear strength from the elastic state and the shear localization just occurs. Prior to the tip, Ti remains elastic. At higher strain rates, the extent of plastic strain concentration is greater than that under static loading. Higher strain rate increases the relative plastic shear displacement. The present analytical solution for evolution or propagation of shear localization under nonuniform shear stress can better reproduce the observed localized characteristics for many kinds of ductile metals.     

考虑应变梯度及刚度劣化的剪切带局部变形分析

基于梯度塑性理论,研究了应变软化阶段的刚度劣化对剪切带内部的局部应变及相对剪切位移的影响。剪切带被看作一维剪切问题,本构关系为线弹性及线性应变软化。考虑刚度劣化后,剪切带的弹性应变由弹性剪切模量、损伤变量及残余剪切模量确定。剪切带的非局部总应变由双线性的本构关系确定。将非局部总应变减去弹性应变,可得剪切带的非局部塑性应变。剪切带非局部塑性应变与流动应力及损伤变量等参数有关,此关系即为在经典弹塑性理论框架之内的考虑刚度劣化的屈服函数。将二阶应变梯度项引入该函数,可得剪切带内部的局部塑性剪切应变及局部总剪切应变的分布规律。对局部塑性剪切应变积分,得到了局部塑性剪切位移。结果表明:考虑了刚度劣化后,剪切带内部的弹性剪切应变及位移增加,而局部塑性剪切应变及位移降低。若不考虑刚度劣化,理论结果可蜕化为以前的结果。理论结果与岩石局部变形的观测结果在定性是一致的。     

初始内聚力及摩擦角对岩样全部变形特征的影响

目的研究初始内聚力及摩擦角对剪切带图案及岩样全部变形特征的影响.方法采用FLAC内嵌语言FISH编制了计算平面应变压缩岩样轴向、侧向、体积应变及泊松比的FISH函数.在峰值强度之前及之后,岩石的本构模型分别取为线弹性模型及莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型.结果随着初始内聚力及摩擦角的增加,破坏模式由复杂向简单剪切破坏转变;发生破坏的单元数目降低;剪切带倾角增加;轴向应力的峰值强度及所对应的轴向、侧向应变的绝对值降低,岩样可以达到的最小体积增加.峰后的轴向应力-轴向应变曲线、轴向应力-侧向应变曲线、侧向应变-轴向应变曲线、泊松比-轴向应变曲线及体积应变-轴向应变曲线的斜率几乎不受初始内聚力及摩擦角的影响.但是,当初始内聚力及摩擦角最小时,5种峰后曲线略显平缓,这是由于发生破坏的单元数目最多及剪切带的倾角最低.结论剪切带倾角更接近Arthur倾角,说明了数值结果是可信的.岩样失稳破坏的前兆不随着初始内聚力及摩擦角的降低或增加而改变.     

Unified analytical stress- strain curve for quasibrittle geomaterial in uniaxial tension, direct shear and uniaxial compression

Considering strain localization in the form of a narrow band initiated just at peak stress, three analytical expressions for stress - strain curves of quasibrittle geomaterial （such as rock and concrete） in uniaxial tension, direct shear and uniaxial compression were presented, respectively. The three derived stress - strain curves were generalized as a unified formula. Beyond the onset of strain localization, a linear strain-softening constitutive relation for localized band was assigned. The size of the band was controlled by internal or characteristic length according to gradient-dependent plasticity. Elastic strain within the entire specimen was assumed to be uniform and decreased with the increase of plastic strain in localized band. Total strain of the specimen was decomposed into elastic and plastic parts. Plastic strain of the specimen was the average value of plastic strains in localized band over the entire specimen. For different heights, the predicted softening branches of the relative stress- strain curves in uniaxial compression are consistent with the previously experimental results for normal concrete specimens. The present expressions for the post-peak stress - deformation curves in uniaxial tension and direct shear agree with the previously numerical results based on gradient-dependent plasticity.     

Entire deformational characteristics and strain localization of jointed rock specimen in plane strain compression

Shear band （SB）, axial, lateral and volumetric strains as well as Poisson＇s ratio of anisotropic jointed rock specimen （JRS） were modeled by Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua （FLAC）. Failure criterion of rock was a composited Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tension cut-off. An inclined joint was treated as square elements of ideal plastic material beyond the peak strength. Several FISH functions were written to automatically find the addresses of elements in the joint and to calculate the entire deformational characteristics of plane strain JRS. The results show that for moderate joint inclination （JI） , strain is only concentrated into the joint governing the behavior of JRS, leading to ideal plastic responses in axial and lateral directions. For higher JI, the post-peak stress-axial and lateral strain curves become steeper as JI increases owing to the increase of new SB＇s length. Lateral expansion and precursor to the unstable failure are the most apparent, resulting in the highest Poisson＇s ratio and even negative volumetric strain. For lower JI, the entire post-peak deformational characteristics are independent of JI. The lowest lateral expansion occurs, leading to the lowest Poisson＇s ratio and positive volumetric strain all along. The present prediction on anisotropic strength in plane strain compression qualitatively agrees with the results in triaxial tests of rocks. The JI calculated by Jaeger＇s formula overestimates that related to the minimum strength. Advantages of the present numerical model over the Jaeger＇s model are pointed out.     

单向压缩条件下圆形颗粒体含孔洞试样的力学模拟

通过编程,用连续介质快速拉格朗日分析(FLAC)实现了圆形颗粒体在单向压缩条件下的力学行为模拟.颗粒体试样中间含一圆形孔洞,颗粒体被离散成正方形网格,若2个颗粒体发生接触,则需要在颗粒体之间预置界面.研究了施加的荷载对试样应力线、应变线及受拉破坏区域等的影响.结果表明,试样内部的最大压应力约为所施加压应力值的5倍,这有别于连续介质理论的结果.孔洞顶部及底部各有1个三角形受拉区,内部可见明显的拉裂纹,裂纹的长度随试样端部所施加应力的增加而增大.     

剪切带内部应变(率)分析及基于能量准则的失稳判据

应用应变梯度塑性理论对局部化剪切带内部(塑性)剪应变(率)规律进行了理论分析。研究了剪切降模量及岩石材料内部长度等参数对剪切带内部应变(率)的影响。推导了剪应力(率)与剪切带相对错距(速度)的本构关系。研究了剪切降模量和岩石材料内部长度对剪切带稳定性的影响。将岩石试件直剪试验试验机简化为钢块,采用能量准则对岩石试件(剪切带)及钢块系统的稳定性进行了理论研究,提出了系统失稳判据。研究表明:岩石材料的剪切降模量越大,岩石材料的内部长度越小,试验机的剪切刚度越小及试验机的等效高度越大剪切带--钢块系统越容易失稳。     

基于环向应力岩爆判据的不同级别岩爆区分布的数值模拟研究

为了避免莫尔-库仑和虎克-布朗屈服准则各自的缺陷,采用C＋＋语言对FLAC进行了二次开发,将它们复合在一起,提出了一种弹-脆-塑性的本构模型。采用徐林生及Russense判据（环向应力与单轴抗压强度之比）作为岩爆判据,研究了在不同围压条件下,圆形洞室开挖之后围岩再次平衡时已发生的各种级别岩爆区的分布规律,对严重、中等及...