洞穴——从微中子研究到地下空间规划

微中子研究需要很大很深的洞穴，以便在没有太多宇宙射线噪音的情况下捕获重要事件。大型的自然洞穴往往出现在喀斯特石灰岩地区，少数大型洞穴也会出现在矿区，而民用洞穴则被广泛用作发电站、火车站、仓库及其他用途。应力控制被认为是在洞穴深挖中消除巨大应力的普遍方法。如果能够在大型洞穴使用应力控制方法，我们就可以建造安全的洞室来进行微中子研究；从另一方面来讲，大而浅的洞穴也能解决城市规划的很多问题。     

A Faà di Bruno Hopf algebra for a group of Fliess operators with applications to feedback

A Faà di Bruno type Hopf algebra is developed for a group of integral operators known as Fliess operators, where operator composition is the group product. Such operators are normally written in terms of generating series over a noncommutative alphabet. Using a general series expansion for the antipode, an explicit formula for the generating series of the compositional inverse operator is derived. The result is applied to analytic nonlinear feedback systems to produce an explicit formula for the feedback product, that is, the generating series for the Fliess operator representation of the closed-loop system written in terms of the generating series of the Fliess operator component systems. This formula is employed to provide a proof that local convergence is preserved under feedback.     

Assisted reproduction and hepatitis C virus infection

Medically assisted procreation poses a difficult problem when one or both partners of couple are infected with HCV. Epidemiologic and fundamental works show a low risk of HCV sexual transmission and no pregnancy complications or fetal abnormalities have been reported. However, the outcome of HCV infected children is unknown. These contrasting findings suggest that medically assisted procreation using sperm of spouse needs to be cautious. Before medically assisted procreation, testing of couples for HCV antibodies must be done and interferon therapy is required for patients with histological chronic active hepatitis and for HCV positive mothers or infected couples. In the absence of specific legislation or consensual recommendations, detailed informations must be given to the couples in order to obtain an informed consent.     

Underground space inside a hilltop: the summit hotel project, St. Michael Peak, France

A fully underground hotel at the top of a limestone cliff summit over Grenoble, France, in front of the major Alpine ranges, has been tentatively designed. Such a project brings to light the many advantages of underground space created inside a hilltop, far better than developed spaces below grade. The views from the windows, strong visible images, easily attained exits, and fresh air are significant psychological benefits. Construction of such a project would likely help improve the image of underground facilities for public use.     

洞穴——从微中子研究到地下空间规划

微中子研究需要很大很深的洞穴,以便在没有太多宇宙射线噪音的情况下捕获重要事件.大型的自然洞穴往往出现在喀斯特石灰岩地区,少数大型洞穴也会出现在矿区,而民用洞穴则被广泛用作发电站、火车站、仓库及其他用途.应力控制被认为是在洞穴深挖中消除巨大应力的普遍方法.如果能够在大型洞穴使用应力控制方法,我们就可以建造安全的洞室来进行微中子研究;从另一方面来讲,大而浅的洞穴也能解决城市规划的很多问题.     

Kikuchi syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis and lupus serology. Apropos of a case

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) is an uncommon disease of the cervical lymph nodes occurring in young women, commonly associated with various auto-immune or infectious diseases. We describe the case of a 17 year-old girl who presented a Kikuchi's lymphadenitis occurring concomitantly with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and lupus serology as anti-nuclear, anti-DNA, anticardiolipid antibodies and hypocomplementemia. The patient was treated with prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. Thirty months after, she is doing well and hydroxychloroquine is continued.     

Maîtrise de l'énergie et aménagement du sous-sol: l'exemple français

In France, three areas can help to illustrate relations between subsurface use and energy policy: (1) the underground storage of hydrocarbons (the different technologies used in France are described); (2) the low-energy geothermy, which is quite widely developed, notably in the Parisian Basin; and (3) the subways, which contribute to petrol savings.Despite the fact that subsurface use contributes to energy savings, in France there does not yet exist a real planning of subsurface use in harmony with energy policy.     

The traps behind the failure of Malpasset arch dam, France, in 1959

The case of the Malpasset arch dam failure in 1959 has been widely exposed in scientifc and technical forums and papers.The focus here is on the many traps which have confused the whole chain of bodies and persons involved,owner,designer,geologist,contractor,up to the state management offcers.When the frst traps were hidden inside geology,many more appeared,as well geotechnical,technical,fortuitous,and administrative.In addition to such factual factors,human and organizational factors may be today easily identifed,when none of them was yet suspected.Both dam safety and rock mechanics benefted from the studies done since the Malpasset case,most of them within one decade.