斜发沸石对氨氮废水吸附性能的实验研究

用江苏丹徒天然斜发沸石进行模拟氨氮废水的脱氮实验研究.结果表明,在氨氮溶液初始浓度为300mg/L、pH值为2.5～8.5时,天然斜发沸石对氨氮的吸附量较高,吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,相关系数都在0.99以上,吸附动力学符合准二级吸附动力学模型,并以化学吸附为主;应用于畜禽废水处理中,氨氮去除率达85.6%.     

改性凹凸棒石和沸石对氨氮废水吸附性能的研究

采用焙烧、钠化、酸化和碱化4种改性方法对天然凹凸棒石和沸石进行改性,其中碱化改性对氨氮吸附能力提高最大,研究了碱化样品的结构及对氨氮废水的吸附性能。结果表明,碱改性品在氨氮溶液初始浓度300 mg/L,pH值2.5~8.0时,对氨氮的吸附量较高;对氨氮的吸附等温线符合Freund lich和Langmu ir方程式。同时,对氨氮的吸附动力学符合准二级吸附动力学模型,并以化学吸附为主。用于畜禽废水处理中,对氨氮去除率最高达到87.6%。     

Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on Seed Germination and Growth of Wheat简

This study investigated the effect of cold helium plasma treatment on seed germina- tion, growth and yield of wheat. The effects of different power of cold plasma on the germination of treated wheat seeds were studied. We found that the treatment of 80 W could significantly improve seed germination potential （6.0%） and germination rate （6.7%） compared to the control group. Field experiments were carried out for wheat seeds treated with 80 W cold plasma. Com- pared with the control, plant height （20.3%）, root length （9.0%） and fresh weight （21.8%） were improved significantly at seedling stage. At booting stage, plant height, root length, fresh weight, stem diameter, leaf area and leaf thickness of the treated plant were respectively increased by 21.8%, 11.0%, 7.0%, 9.0%, 13.0% and 25.5%. At the same time, the chlorophyll content （9.8%）, nitrogen （10.0%） and moisture content （10.0%） were higher than those of the control, indicating that cold plasma treatment could promote the growth of wheat. The yield of treated wheat was 7.55 t-ha-1, 5.89% more than that of the control. Therefore, our results show that cold plasma has important application prospects for increasing wheat yield.     

瓜环的固载化过程及其对甲基橙的吸附动力学

研究了羟基瓜环在氯甲基化聚苯乙烯株（氯球）上的固载动力学及固载影响因素,并研究了固载化瓜环对甲基橙染料的吸附动力学.结果表明,羟基瓜环通过亲核取代反应固载到氯球上,提高固载温度和提高羟基瓜环的投加量有利于瓜环的固载.羟基瓜环在氯球上的固载动力学符合准二级动力学方程.固载化瓜环对甲基橙的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,而准一级动力学模型适合吸附过程的初始阶段,吸附过程受颗粒内扩散控制,但不是吸附速率的唯一控制因素,整个吸附过程是多种动力学机理共同作用的结果.     

环境中1,4-二烷污染处理技术研究进展

新型污染物1,4-二烷广泛分布于地表水、地下水和饮用水环境中。常规水处理手段对1,4-二烷难以奏效,因而其污染处理技术成为了关注的热点。本文主要针对1,4-二烷污染的处理方法进行了综述。首先对1,4-二烷的性质及分布特征进行了总结,比较了国内外已有的污染调查状况和控制标准,然后重点从物理、化学和生物法三个方面介绍了近年来1,4-二烷污染处理技术的最新研究进展,且分析了不同技术的作用机制、优缺点及可行性,并对不同技术的处理效率进行了归纳总结。文中特别指出了生物修复的难题,即氯代烃、重金属对微生物降解1,4-二烷的抑制作用和机理及改进修复技术,最后对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

不同配比有机肥和改良剂对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

[目的]为快速修复退化土壤提供依据.[方法]以除草剂污染土壤和荒地心土作为材料,利用温室培养试验,研究了不同配比有机肥和改良剂在短期时间内对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响.[结果]与空白相比,污染土壤的养分和有机质含量经单施改良剂处理后效果不显著,以不同配比的有机肥和改良剂施用于土壤中效果显著提高,土壤的pH值和酶活性经单施改良剂和添加不同配比有机肥+改良剂处理后效果显著提高;而荒地心土养分、有机质含量和酶活性经单施改良剂、混施不同配比的有机肥+改良剂处理后效果均显著提高,土壤的pH值以添加20%有机肥+改良剂处理的效果最为显著.2种土壤的容重均以添加10%和20%有机肥+改良剂处理的效果最为显著.[结论]添加不同配比的有机肥+改良剂可以有效提高土壤的理化性质和酶活性.     

微波无极灯下瓜环的光聚合反应及其聚合物对染料的吸附性能

在微波无极灯条件下,研究烯氧基瓜环和1,2-乙二硫醇发生光聚反应的反应动力学,并考察光敏剂对聚合反应的影响。聚合反应动力学结果表明,瓜环聚合反应符合一级动力学方程;当反应物烯氧基瓜环与乙二硫醇的投加量比为0.211时,巯基的转化率最高且为18.40%,且当反应物投料比小于0.211时,反应过程中可不添加光敏剂。此外,瓜环基聚合物对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究表明,吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学方程,颗粒内扩散过程是该吸附速率的主要控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤;其等温吸附平衡更符合Langmuir模型,相关系数R2为0.9986。对比聚合物吸附前后的红外光谱可知,亚甲基蓝通过配位方式吸附到瓜环聚合物上,瓜环的羰基参与了配位。     

Effect of cold plasma treatment on seedling growth and nutrient absorption of tomato

The effects of cold plasma (CP) treatment on seed germination,seedling growth,root morphology,and nutrient uptake of a tomato were investigated.The results showed that 80 W of CP treatment significantly increased tomato nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absorption by 12.7％ and 19.1％,respectively.CP treatment significantly improved the germination potential of tomato seed by 11.1％ and the germination rate by 13.8％.Seedling growth characteristics,including total dry weight,root dry weight,root shoot rate,and leaf area,significantly increased after 80 W of CP treatment.Root activity was increased by 15.7％ with 80 W of CP treatment,and 12.6％ with 100 W of CP treatment.CP treatment (80 W) markedly ameliorated tomato root morphology,and root length,surface area,and volume,which increased 21.3％,23.6％,and 29.0％,respectively.Our results suggested that CP treatment improved tomato N and P absorption by promoting the accumulation of shoot and root biomass,increasing the leaf area and root activity,and improving the length,surface area,and volume of root growth.Thus,CP treatment could be used in an ameliorative way to improve tomato nutrient absorption.     

Effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape

The effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on the seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.cv.Zhongshuang 9) were investigated.Seeds were exposed to low-vacuum helium cold plasma ranging from 0–120 W for 15 s.Cold plasma increased the germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape,and the treatment of 100 W provided the best result.The germination rate,germination and vigor indices,and uniformity of emergence were improved by cold plasma treatment.Cold plasma raised the relative conductivity and water uptake,and reduced the apparent contact angle.The characteristics of plant growth,including plant height,stem diameter,dry weights of shoot and root at the seedling,bolting and flowering stages were increased by the cold plasma treatment.Yield components,including pod numbers per plant and 1000 seed weights were increased by the cold plasma treatment.Furthermore,the yield per plant increased by 28.20%.These results suggest that cold plasma treatment has the potential to improve the yield of oilseed rape through the enhancement of permeability,wettability and capacity of water uptake of the seeds,seed germination and plant growth.     

改性膨润土对氨氮废水吸附性能的研究

用内蒙膨润土及其碱改性膨润土进行模拟氨氮废水的脱氮实验研究。结果表明,在氨氮溶液初始浓度为300 mg/L,pH值为3.0～7.0时,相对于天然膨润土,碱改性膨润土对氨氮的吸附量有了很大提高,其吸附等温线符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程,且对氨氮的吸附动力学符合准一级和准二级吸附动力学模型,说明化学吸附和物理吸附共同起作用;在应用于畜禽废水处理中,碱改性膨润土对氨氮去除率达到91.0%。