矿井高温灾害治理

介绍了冰冷低温辐射降温技术在神火集团梁北煤矿的应用情况.实践证明,该技术在煤矿高地温、高水温等复杂灾害条件下应用取得了较好效果,大大改善了井下各高温点的工作环境,为矿井安全、高效生产奠定了良好的基础条件,在同类矿井中具有较高的推广应用价值.     

极软厚煤层大采高台阶式综采端面煤岩稳定性控制研究

基于对极软突出厚煤层大采高综采工作面端面煤岩稳定性的有效控制,提出了台阶式采煤工艺,采用台阶式割煤方式;用数值模拟分析了台阶式割煤的防片帮机理.现场实测分析了大采高开采工作面在采用台阶式回采工艺条件下端面煤岩的失稳特征.研究表明:台阶式割煤工艺改善了煤壁区域的应力状态,减少了工作面煤壁片帮和端面冒顶的发生不同台阶高度比割煤所引起的围岩破坏程度不同,上下台阶高度比为1:2时煤壁塑性破坏区最小;极软厚煤层大采高开采煤壁片帮主要以剪切滑移引起的三角斜面片帮为主,超高开采是端面顶板冒落的主因.     

钻孔瓦斯引燃煤墙事故救护得到的启示

钻孔瓦斯燃烧引燃煤墙时,必须在最短时间内直接灭火,防止灾情扩大。文章所述救灾案例,暴露了现场作业人员不熟悉灭火常识,丧失了最佳灭火时机致使灾情扩大。救护队在灭火过程中先后采取了多种方法,最终救灾成功,为煤矿瓦斯治理、灾变处置与救护提供了有意义的尝试。     

地质构造带揭煤瓦斯治理技术

神火矿区部分矿井深部地质构造复杂,构造带附近煤层有突出危险性。在地质构造带采用瓦斯释放钻孔结合水力冲孔等措施进行揭煤,取得了较好效果,实现了安全高效揭煤。     

煤岩体水力致裂理论及其工艺技术框架

煤岩体结构改造是解决煤矿许多技术难题的共性核心科学问题,水力致裂是实现煤岩体结构改造的有效途径.深入分析了煤岩体的结构与物理力学特性,煤岩体水力致裂的水压裂缝扩展及物理化学作用,在此基础上,提出了相应的水力致裂控制技术,并将其在煤矿中的应用进行了分析介绍.煤层的内部结构由裂缝-割理与层理-微裂隙-孔隙四级空间结构体系组成.煤层质软、瓦斯的吸附解吸效应、天然裂缝发育等因素导致煤岩体水力致裂变得复杂.煤岩体水力致裂通过水压主裂缝扩展、翼型分支裂纹扩展和吸水湿润作用,达到结构改造、强度弱化和增透等工程需要,针对不同工程3种作用的侧重点有所不同.提出了预先水力割缝定向致裂技术.提出了水力爆破致裂弱化与增透方法,在水压控制爆破后进行水力致裂,实验证明是一种增加水压裂缝数目和范围的有效方法.煤岩体水力致裂在煤矿中可以应用于坚硬顶板控制、坚硬顶煤的弱化、应力定向转移、局部集中应力解除、强度弱化减冲、含瓦斯煤层增透、煤与瓦斯突出的防治等,在实践中已取得显著功效.     

Ground pressure law of fully mechanized large cutting height face in extremely-soft thick seam and stability control in tip-to-face area

When stepped coal getting technology was applied to high seam mining working face, with field observations the following aspects of working face were analyzed based on the inherent conditions of extremely soft thick seam mined by Liangbei Mine, such as the brokenness and activity law of rock seam in the working face, the law of load-bearing of its supports, and the instability character of coal or rock in tip-to-face area. The following are the major laws. Pressure intensity of roof in high seam mining with extremely soft thick seam is stronger than one in slicing and sublevel-caving as a whole. But the greater crushing deformation of coal side makes pressure intensity of roof in the middle of working face be equivalent to one in sublevel-caving. In the middle of working face the roof brokenness has less dynamic load effect than roof brokenness in the two ends of working face. The brokenness instability of distinct pace of roof brings several load-bearings to supports. In condition of extremely soft thick seam, the ratio of resistance increment of supports in two ends of working face is obviously greater than that of supports in the middle. Most sloughing in coal side is triangular slop sloughing caused by shear slipping in high seam mining with extremely soft thick seam. Ultrahigh mining is the major reason for roof fall. Instability of coal or rock in tip-to-face area can be controlled effectively with the methods such as improving setting load of supports, mining along roof by reinforcing floor and protecting the immediate roof in time, and so on.     

极软突出厚煤层大采高综采片帮冒顶防治技术

为了解决梁北煤矿在极软突出厚煤层条件下首次采用5.0 m大采高综采一次采全高工艺,实施过程中出现大面积煤壁片帮和端面冒顶的技术难题,采用台阶式采煤等常规防治技术,并针对不同煤层厚度与顶底板条件注马丽散加固材料、自然留底煤及提架控顶等防治技术措施,工作面收尾时采用台阶法刷扩控顶收作技术,保证了工作面的安全高效回采和顺利收作回撤.     

钻孔瓦斯引燃煤墙救护技术探讨

钻孔瓦斯燃烧引燃煤墙时,必须在最短时间内直接灭火,防止灾情扩大.介绍现场作业情况、火灾发生和救护队采取了多种方法救灾成功过程,为煤矿瓦斯治理、灾变处置与救护提供了有意义的尝试.     

极软双突厚煤层大采高综采孤岛工作面综合防突技术

 本文介绍了神火集团梁北矿在极软双突厚煤层条件下大采高综采一次采全高孤岛工作面的综合防突技术,通过试验模拟和摸索实践,我们找到了梁北矿这种复杂条件下的综合防突措施,实现了高应力孤岛工作面的安全回采,为复杂条件下突出厚煤层矿井安全高效开采和大采高综采一次采全高技术实践提供了可靠的支撑。     

矿井环境质量监测及评价体系的构建与实践

利用气象有关参数和城市空气质量参数的方法,建立煤矿井下环境质量监测及评价体系,对科学管理通风系统,有目的地改善环境,创新通风技术是一个有益的尝试。