先进控制技术在波浪发电系统中的应用

由于波浪储量丰富,具有随机性,如何控制波能转换系统捕获最大波能和控制并网电能质量成为波浪发电的核心问题。简述了波能转换装置实现最大波能捕获的方法,综述了滑模变结构控制、自适应控制、最优控制、智能算法、模糊控制、无源控制在控制最大波能捕获以及改善电能质量方面的研究成果。并提出未来的控制算法应是多种先进控制算法相结合。     

Monte Carlo有限元射线追迹法计算圆柱形闪烁体与光纤的耦合功率

本文建立了基于计算机模拟的蒙特卡罗有限元射线追迹法,应用该方法对不同结构尺寸的圆柱型LSO晶体和大芯径光纤耦合输出进行了模拟研究.模拟结果表明:闪烁体半径一定情况下,耦合功率增加的幅度随闪烁体厚度增加呈递减趋势,在闪烁体的厚度达到10 cm时增加闪烁体厚度,耦合功率增加趋于平缓;闪烁体厚度一定的情况下,在闪烁体的半径达到光纤立体角对应的半径后,继续增加半径,耦合功率增加幅度逐渐减少;在闪烁体的入射端面包95%的反射材料后,其耦合功率增加了90%.     

碲锌镉探测器对14MeV脉冲中子束的直照响应

碲锌镉(CZT)晶体具有优良的材料性能,是一种备受关注的新型核辐射探测器材料.本工作运用MCNP程序模拟了CZT探测器对14 MeV中子的直照响应,且在ING-103型稠密等离子体聚焦装置14 MeV脉冲中子发生器上进行了实验研究.结果表明:CZT探测器对14 MeV脉冲中子的直照响应理论值与实验值有较好的一致性;在包含因子k为2时,实验值的扩展不确定度小于14%;且CZT探测器对14 MeV脉冲中子具有1.28×10-16C·cm2的灵敏度,适用于测量高强度脉冲中子.     

西安质子应用装置BPM设计及测试结果

西安质子应用装置(XiPAF)中能传输段设有6个束流位置探测器(BPM)用于测量束流位置及相位，要求位置和相位测量分辨率分别好于0.1 mm和1°，绝对位置测量准确度好于±0.5 mm。本文从理论上分析了纽扣型BPM位置测量分辨率与电极长度及电极张角的关系，并结合CST模拟得到最优值，设计分辨率达24.5 μm。离线测试结果表明，BPM样机的电极电容、灵敏度及电极间耦合度均与设计值相符。利用旋转法测量得到BPM样机水平和竖直方向电中心与机械中心的偏差分别为（0.04±0.05） mm和（-1.53±0.05） mm。样机安装在清华大学微型脉冲强子源（CPHS）高能传输段进行测试，测试结果表明，XiPAF BPM位置测量分辨率好于60 μm，相位测量分辨率好于0.74°，绝对位置测量准确度为±0.35 mm。该设计满足西安质子应用装置的要求。     

An Experimental Study on Kr Gas-puff Z-pinch

Kr gas-puff Z-pinch experiment performed recently on Qiang-uang I pulsed power generator is reprted.The generator has a 1.5MA current with a pulse width of 100ns.The total X-ray energy as well as its spectrum has been obtained.and the average power of X-ray radiation in 50-700eV measured by XRDs is 2 TW.The generator configuration.gas-puff load assembly and diagnostic system for the experiments are described.     

直驱式波浪发电系统无源-滑模控制策略

针对不规则波输入激励工况下的直驱式波浪发电系统,提出一类无源-滑模控制策略。利用双线性幅度法计算不规则波浪主频,结合波能捕获策略得到期望跟踪曲线,设计无源控制器实时跟踪期望曲线;为削减外部扰动影响并提高系统稳定性,在保证系统无源下引入滑模控制策略。采用扩张状态观测器代替速度传感器,辨识动子速度。仿真结果表明：双线性幅度法能预估不规则波浪主频,扩张状态观测器观测到的速度误差小,所提控制方案能快速响应期望电流变化,准确跟踪期望曲线,鲁棒性强。     

不同入射角激光束在大芯径SI-PDF光纤中的传输损耗

为得到纯石英阶跃光纤(SI-PDF)中漏泄模式光线功率的传输特性,应用光线投影积分法,推导了不同入射角的激光束在大芯径SI-PDF光纤中的传输功率计算公式,在不同入射角激光束照射下,分别对3、67、140 m SI-PDF光纤的输出功率特性进行了理论和实验研究,用最小二乘法原理对对数坐标下的实验数据进行拟合,得出了损耗系数.结果表明:入射角在0～12°内时,不同入射角功率输出和损耗系数近似一常量,其中损耗系数约为13 dB/km;入射角＞12°时,不同入射角光功率随入射角增加呈指数衰减规律,其损耗系数随入射角增大而增大,在12°时损耗系数值为26 dB/km,在28°时达到了82 dB/km.     

Soft X-ray Images of Krypton Gas-Puff Z-Pinches

A series of experiments has been carried out on Qiang-guang I generator to study the dynamics of krypton gas-puff Z-pinches. The generator was operated at a peak current of 1.5 MA with a rise-time of 80 ns. The specific linear mass of gas liner was about 20 *g/cm in these experiments. In the diagnostic system, a four-frame x-ray framing camera and a pinhole camera were employed. A novel feature of this camera is that it can give time-resolved x-ray images with four frames and energy-resolved x-ray images with two different filters and an array of 8 pinholes integrated into one compact assemble. As a typical experimental result, an averaged radial imploding velocity of 157 km/s over 14 ns near the late phase of implosion was measured from the time-resolved x-ray images. From the time-integrated x-ray image an averaged radial convergence of 0.072 times of the original size was measured. An averaged radial expansion velocity was 130 km/s and the maximum radial convergence of 0.04 times of the original size     

一种X射线变像管能谱响应特性研究

建立了X射线变像管能谱响应特性的理论模型，介绍了一种测量能谱响应的实验方法，得到了理论结果和实验结果，实验值和理论值基本吻合。还分析了理论值和实验值之间的误差来源。     

Scaling Factor of the Operating Parameters of Z-pinch Liners

Imploding plasma liners in the Z-pinch scheme have been demonstrated to be capable of producing high power radiation in the soft X-ray waveband owing to the conversion of the kinetic energy of imploding liner into thermal energy which in turn is converted into X-ray energy. To obtain largest X-ray power for a certain pulsed-power driving- source, the liner should gain a kinetic energy as great as possible, which imposes an optimal scaling upon the operating parameters of liner in terms of getting largest kinetic energy. This work exposes, by means of numerical calculations based on zero-dimensional quasi-plasma-shell model, the large variation of the scaling factor, which connects the parameters of the initial liner and the driving current, with different driving current waveforms. Also solved in the work is the optimal scaling factor in the sense of producing maximum kinetic energy. Calculations show that maximum kinetic energy is obtained at the current maximum or a little time later. These results ar