基于聋人案例的空间隐喻语义认知计算

我们从心理语言学的角度,对空间隐喻进行相似性分类和计算,使用多维量表和聚类方法,以聋人为被试分别进行了两个实验。实验结果表明,聋人为实现空间隐喻理解的计算,使用了地形空间和语法空间的特征信息,同时受手语语言特点的影响,其空间隐喻的认知主题包括手势者自身参照系、参照物的相对坐标系、手势空间的饱和度、以手部或胸部为边界。同时表明由于两种空间的存在,聋人大脑对空间隐喻的理解存在着层次,并且在长期使用手语交流的过程中,其地形空间和语法空间相互作用,影响了聋人大脑空间隐喻的结构和表征,从而导致了独特的高效快速空间隐喻计算。
     

物理化学多媒体课件的利弊及改进措施

随着社会的发展,多媒体教学已经在高校广泛应用起来,计算机已成为教学与科研工作的一个强有力的工具.物理化学以传统的教学方式教学,效果不理想,物理化学多媒体课件在教学中的应用则可以克服以上困难,将抽象的概念蕴含于一些简单明了的动画中,使学生一目了然,同时也促进了学生对物理化学这门课程本身的学习,激发了学生的学习兴趣.本文分析了多媒体教学的优缺点,并指出了相应的改进措施.     

Chemical looping gasification of cotton stalk with bimetallic Cu/Ni/olivine as oxygen carrier

Bimetallic Cu/Ni/olivine oxygen carriers (OCs) were prepared using olivine as support material for chemical looping gasification (CLG). The cyclic redox behaviors and oxygen carrying capacity (R_o) of OCs were evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The effect of Cu/Ni ratio, gasification temperature, steam to biomass ratio (S/B), oxygen carrier to biomass ratio (OC/B) on CLG of cotton stalk has been studied in a fixed bed. The OCs characterized using BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) to investigate the physicochemical property of OCs during CLG. Result shows that the sintering problem of OC was progressively alleviated with the increasing Cu/Ni ratio. The olivine behaves as suitable OC support with oxygen carrying capacity of 1.07%. The redox reactivity of all of the OCs kept well during multiple redox cycles. The R_o of OCs progressively increased with the Cu/Ni ratio. By comparing the product gas concentration, carbon conversion, H₂ + CO yield and gas yield over the invested OCs, the Cu9/Ni6/O was found to demonstrate better comprehensive CLG performance due to the synergistic effect of Cu and Ni. The maximum gas yield, H₂ + CO yield and carbon conversion with Cu9/Ni6/O can be obtained at the S/B of 0.8 and OC/B of 2. Compared to theoretical value, 65% of lattice oxygen has been supplied by Cu9/Ni6/O during actual CLG process. The OC displayed better reactivity due to basic crystalline phase being preserved well during multiple CLG cycles.     

Synthesis of defect-rich hierarchical sponge-like TiO2 nanoparticles and their improved photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance

Defect-rich hierarchical sponge-like TiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the combined one-step hydrothermal method and chemical reduction approach. SEM and TEM images showed their porous structure densely packed with even smaller TiO₂ particles, while photocatalytic results manifested their superior photocatalytic performance and high stability. The RhB solution (10 ppm) could be absolutely degraded in 60 min, and the degradation rate was twice that of the sample without the treatment by NaBH₄. Besides, the TC solution (10 ppm) could be removed by 74.3% in 20 min. PEC measurements also displayed that the photoelectrode based on such defect-rich TiO₂ nanoparticles had small resistance and improved charge transfer rate. The improved performance can be assigned to rich defects and phase junctions, which was supported by characterization results. The presence of rich defects and phase junctions could not only promote the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, but also accelerate the electron transfer, beneficial for both the photocatalytic and the PEC performance. It is expected that the obtained hierarchical sponge-like TiO₂ nanoparticles with rich defects have great potential for photocatalytic applications.     

模拟酶解优化鸽血红蛋白抗氧化肽酶法制备

以鸽血红蛋白为原材料,采用在线数据库ExPASy Peptide Cutter中的蛋白酶模拟酶解,通过生物信息学工具筛选多肽潜在的生物活性、溶解性、毒性和致敏性,由此预测最适宜制备鸽血红蛋白源抗氧化肽的蛋白酶。设置不同的酶解时间、酶添加量和酶解温度作为单因素,探究不同酶解条件对酶解产物水解度和DPPH自由基清除率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化试验,探究酶解法制备鸽血红蛋白抗氧化肽的最优工艺条件。结果表明,蛋白酶K为虚拟筛选出的最佳蛋白酶,最佳的制备鸽血红蛋白抗氧化肽的工艺为鸽血红蛋白浓度1 g/100 mL、pH8、酶解时间3 h、酶添加量415.54 U/g、酶解温度65℃。在此条件下,通过验证试验得出响应值DPPH自由基清除率为（33.21±0.68）%,与预测值相差较小,故而此条件为最优工艺。采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳试验,发现最优工艺条件下鸽血红蛋白酶解后目的条带消失,进一步验证该方法为酶解鸽血红蛋白源抗氧化肽的最优工艺。     

猕猴桃蛋白酶及发酵剂对马肉发酵香肠品质特性的影响

研究发酵剂和猕猴桃蛋白酶对马肉发酵香肠品质的影响。以新鲜马肉为原料,添加发酵剂和猕猴桃蛋白酶进行发酵,检测其对马肉发酵香肠pH值、水分活度（water activity,aw）、水分含量、色差以及硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）值等的影响,并通过对成品进行感官评价确定发酵剂和猕猴桃蛋白酶对其感官品质的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,发酵剂处理组（A组）显著降低了马肉发酵香肠的pH值、aw和TBA值,加快了水分含量的下降,提高了亮度值（L*）和红度值（a*）,后期黄度值（b*）略有下降;与A组相比,发酵剂和猕猴桃蛋白酶处理组（B组）提高了其pH值,降低了aw,加快了水分含量的下降,而对a*、L*、b*影响不大,对TBA值无显著影响;对成品的感官评价结果表明,B组马肉发酵香肠的口感较A组和对照组好。     

煤矿救援机器人系统运载车的设计与研究

煤矿救援机器人系统运载车设计是一个涉及多门学科的交叉研究领域。概述了煤矿救援机器人系统运载车设计中的关键技术要点,从运载车的车体设计、结构设计、关键部件设计、移动路径设计等方面探讨了煤矿救援机器人系统运载车的设计及应用开发前景。     

阿里红中多糖的分离纯化及其组分分析

目的对阿里红中的多糖进行分离纯化,并对得到的两种多糖组分进行基础结构分析。方法阿里红经水提醇沉法除蛋白后,再经DEAE纤维素-52、Sepharose CL-6B和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-100柱层析分离纯化得到两种多糖组分FOPS-a和FOPS-b。采用凝胶过滤法分析其纯度和相对分子量,经气相色谱法分析其单糖组成,并对多糖组分进行部分酸水解,高碘酸氧化和Smith降解分析。结果分离纯化得到的阿里红多糖组分FOPS-a、FOPS-b的相对分子质量为199 kDa和87 kDa。单糖组成均为甘露糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖。FOPS-a主链单糖残基为甘露糖,末端残基和分支单糖残基为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和鼠李糖;FOPS-b主链单糖残基为甘露糖,末端残基和分支单糖残基为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖。结论该研究可为阿里红多糖的开发与利用提供技术参考。     

Preparation of rGO/AgCl QDs and its enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance for the degradation of Tetracycline

A novel rGO/AgCl QDs composites have been obtained by an ultrasonic-assisted method for the first time. Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) performances of the obtained samples were studied by the degradation of 20 mg/L Tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation with an applied bias potential of 1.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Degradation of TC by different processes including Photocatalysis (PC), Electrocatalysis (EC), and PEC was compared, and the effect of different bias potential on the PEC degradation of TC was discussed. Results showed that rGO/AgCl QDs composites had displayed superior PEC activity than that of pristine AgCl QDs with degrading 85.2% of TC during 120 minutes, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of AgCl QDs (33%). Besides, compared to PC and EC removal of TC, PEC process showed the highest degradation efficiency of TC (85.2%) by rGO/AgCl QDs, which was about three times and one time higher than that of PC (39.18%) and EC (20.73%) system, respectively. Moreover, the reusibility and stability of the samples were tested by five times cycling tests, and results demonstrated that the stability of bare AgCl QDs was improved after the introduction of rGO. The enhanced PEC activity and stability of the samples could be attributed to the intimate contact between rGO and AgCl QDs and external electric field, which had benefitted the formation of more active sites and accelerated electron-hole separation.     

THUUyMorph:维吾尔语形态切分语料库

THUUyMorph (Tsinghua University Uyghur Morphology Segmentation Corpus)是由清华大学自然语言处理与社会人文计算实验室构建的维吾尔语形态切分语料库。原始语料从2016年的天山网维文版http: //uy.ts.cn/下载,题材内容包含新闻、法律、财经、生活等。语料库构建步骤为: 爬虫、校对原始语料、分句、校对分句、人工和自动形态切分结合、人工标注语音和谐变化现象、人工校对形态切分和语音和谐变化现象。语料库包含10 596个文档、69 200个句子,词语类型为89 923个,分为词级和句子级两类标注,开源网址为http://thuuymorph.thunlp.org/。该研究不仅对维吾尔语语料库的建设具有参考意义,而且为维吾尔语自然语言处理的研究提供了有益的资源。