An improved volleyball premier league algorithm based on sine cosine algorithm for global optimization problem

Volleyball premier league (VPL) simulating some phenomena of volleyball game has been presented recently. This powerful algorithm uses such racing and interplays between teams within a season. Furthermore, the algorithm imitates the coaching procedure within a game. Therefore, some volleyball metaphors, including substitution, coaching, and learning, are used to find a better solution prepared by the VPL algorithm. However, the learning phase has the largest effect on the performance of the VPL algorithm, in which this phase can lead to making the VPL stuck in optimal local solution. Therefore, this paper proposed a modified VPL using sine cosine algorithm (SCA). In which the SCA operators have been applied in the learning phase to obtain a more accurate solution. So, we have used SCA operators in VPL to grasp their advantages resulting in a more efficient approach for finding the optimal solution of the optimization problem and avoid the limitations of the traditional VPL algorithm. The propounded VPLSCA algorithm is tested on the 25 functions. The results captured by the VPLSCA have been compared with other metaheuristic algorithms such as cuckoo search, social-spider optimization algorithm, ant lion optimizer, grey wolf optimizer, salp swarm algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, moth flame optimization, artificial bee colony, SCA, and VPL. Furthermore, the three typical optimization problems in the field of designing engineering have been solved using the VPLSCA. According to the obtained results, the proposed algorithm shows very reasonable and promising results compared to others.

     

Assessment of Sustainability in Water Supply-Demand Considering Uncertainties

Water is a vital resource for life on earth; hence its maintenance is very important. Different regions especially in arid and semi-arid areas are facing population growth and subsequent increase in the domestic, industrial and agricultural activities. Planning of water systems in order to be ready for future development conditions needs further studies on the estimation of the sustainable levels of demands based on the sustainable levels of supplies. In this study a threefold approach for estimating sustainability level of supply and demand in Ahachay river basin in northwestern part of Iran as a case study is taken. In the first method, the internal flows and the origins and final uses of the total resources for each subsystem are estimated and planning for sustainability use index is determined by calculating the available water. Second method introduced a simulation model which is utilized to estimate reliability, resiliency, vulnerability and maximum deficit for a river basin to determine a group sustainability index. In the third method, for evaluating the movement toward sustainability, an index is developed. This index includes parameters that are the difference between supply and demand, percentage of the satisfied demand, productivity of water resources and an indicator for evaluating the reduction of aquifer storage. Finally these methods are compared and a hybrid index combining the indices is developed. An uncertainty analysis is also performed to investigate the random nature of variables in estimating water balance and quantifying the water sustainability. This hybrid index can be used for evaluating the planning scenarios and for maintaining and improving the sustainable state of supply-demand for the region.     

Effect of magnetic field on Cu–water nanofluid heat transfer using GMDH-type neural network

Heat transfer of Cu–water nanofluid over a stretching cylinder in the presence of magnetic field has been investigated. The group method of data handling (GMDH) type neural networks (NNs) is used to calculate Nusselt number formulation. Results indicate that GMDH-type NN in comparison with fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme provides an effective means of efficiently recognizing the patterns in data and accurately predicting a performance. The effects of nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic parameter and Reynolds number on Nusselt number are studied by sensitivity analyses. The results show that Nusselt number is an increasing function of Reynolds number and volume fraction of nanoparticles while it is a decreasing function of magnetic parameter. As volume fraction of nanoparticles increases, the effect of this parameter on Nusselt number also increases, but opposite behavior is obtained for magnetic parameter and Reynolds number.     

Approximating of conic sections by DP curves with endpoint interpolation

Conic sections have many applications in industrial design, however, they cannot be exactly represented in polynomial form. Hence approximating conic sections with polynomials is a challenging problem. In this paper, we use the monomial form of Delgado and Peña (DP) curves and present a matrix representation for them. Using the matrix form and the least squares method, we propose a simple and efficient algorithm for approximating conic sections by DP curves of arbitrary degree with endpoint interpolation. Finally, we test and compare the proposed algorithm on some numerical examples which validates and confirms efficiency of it.     

A novel MEMS tunable antenna with wide tuning range of frequency

In this paper a novel MEMS tunable CPW antenna with wide tuning range of frequency is presented. The antenna’s frequency tuning range increment is achieved by loading three novel large tuning range capacitors at radiation edge of antenna patch. Two techniques are employed for increasing the capacitors tuning range. First, dual gap technique is used to overcome the pull-in limitation and then two lateral beams are added in order to parallel movement of capacitive plate which increases the capacitance value. The simulation result shows that the resonance frequency tuning range of antenna increased from 1.96 GHz loaded by traditional capacitor to 6.89 GHz using the new capacitor structure. Also in resonance frequency, the antenna has a good impedance matching with transmission line even in high capacitance values.     

Slotted capacitive microphone with sputtered aluminum diaphragm and photoresist sacrificial layer

In this paper, we have fabricated a new microphone using aluminum (Al) slotted perforated diaphragm and back plate electrode, and photoresist (AZ1500) sacrificial layer on silicon wafer. The novelty of this method relies on aluminum diaphragm includes some slots to reduce the effect of residual stress and stiffness of diaphragm for increasing the microphone sensitivity. The acoustic holes are made on diaphragm to reduce the air damping, and avoid the disadvantages of non standard silicon processing for making back chamber and holes in back plate, which are more complex and expensive. Photoresist sacrificial layer is easy to deposition by spin coater and also easy to release by acetone. Moreover, acetone has a high selectivity to resist compared to silicon oxide and Al, thus it completely removes sacrificial resist without incurring significant damage silicon oxide and Al. The measured zero bias capacitance is 17.5 pF, and its pull-in voltage is 25 V. The microphone has been tested with external amplifier and speaker, the external amplifier was able to detect the sound waves from microphone on speaker and oscilloscope. The maximum amplitude of output speech signal of amplifier is 45 mV, and the maximum output of MEMS microphone is 1.125 μV.     

Homotopy perturbation method for motion of a spherical solid particle in plane couette fluid flow

He’s homotopy perturbation method is applied to obtain exact analytical solutions for the motion of a spherical particle in a plane couette flow. It is demonstrated that the applied analytical method is very straightforward in comparison with existing techniques. Furthermore, it is decidedly effectual in terms of accuracy and rapid convergence. The formulation of the problem is presented in the text as well as the analytical and numerical procedures. The current results can be used in different areas of particulate flows.     

Design and fabrication of a new MEMS capacitive microphone using a perforated aluminum diaphragm

In this paper, a novel single-chip MEMS capacitive microphone is presented. The novelties of the method relies on the moveable aluminum (Al) diaphragm positioned over the backplate electrode, where the diaphragm includes a plurality of holes to allow the air in the gap between the electrode and the diaphragm to escape and thus reducing acoustical damping in the microphone. Spin-on-glass (SOG) was used as a sacrificial and isolating layer. Backplate is monocrystalline silicon wafer, that it is more stiff. This work will focus on design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of the microphone. The structure has a diaphragm thickness of 3 μm, a diaphragm size of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm, and an air gap of 1.0 μm. The results show that the pull-in voltage is 105 V, the initial stress of evaporated aluminum diaphragm is around 1500 MPa and the zero bias capacitance of microphone is 2.12 pF. Comparing with the previous works, this microphone has several advantages: the holes have been made on diaphragm, therefore no need of KOH etching to make back chamber, in this way the chip size of each microphone is reduced. The fabrication process uses minimal number of layers and masks to reduce the fabrication cost.     

Evolution of quantum correlations in the open quantum systems consisting of two coupled oscillators

The open quantum systems consisting of coupled and uncoupled asymmetric oscillators are considered with an initial quantum-dot trapped-ion coherent state. The quantum correlations between spatial modes of this trapped ion are examined to find their dependence on the temperature, asymmetric parameter, dissipation coefficient and the magnetic field. It is observed that the discord of the initial state is an increasing function of the asymmetric parameter and the magnetic field. Moreover, in the case of two uncoupled modes, entanglement and discord are decreasing functions of temperature and the dissipation coefficient. However, as the temperature and dissipation coefficient increase, the discord fades out faster. In the case of two coupled modes, as the temperature and dissipation coefficient increase, the sudden death of the entanglement and fade out of the discord happen sooner; moreover, as the magnetic field increases, the entanglement sudden death and the discord fade out time occur sooner. Also, with the increase in the asymmetric parameter, the entanglement sudden death is postponed. In addition, in the asymmetric system, appreciable discord can be created in the temperature range 0–10 K, while appreciable entanglement can be created in the temperature range 0–5 mK. Finally, it is observed that non-monotonic evolution of quantum correlations is due to coupling of modes.