Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Lower Niagara River,Lake Ontario

Restoration of a wild-produced lake trout Salvelinus namaycush population in Lake Ontario has not been successful despite the adult population often meeting or exceeding restoration targets. Lack of high-quality spawning habitat in Lake Ontario is suggested as one impediment to recruitment of wild lake trout, although the quantity and location of spawning habitat is poorly understood. If high-quality spawning habitat is limited in Lake Ontario, lake trout may be using uncommon spawning locations such as rivers. Anecdotal angler accounts point to the Niagara River as a lake trout spawning location. To better understand the potential of the Niagara River as a spawning location, egg and juvenile fish collections were conducted 12–14 river kilometers from the mouth of the Niagara River from 2010 to 2012; and mature female lake trout with surgically implanted acoustic tags were monitored from 2015 to 2019. Genetic analyses confirmed 60% of collected eggs and 93% of collected post-hatch juvenile fish in the Niagara River were lake trout. Tagged female lake trout returned to the Niagara River over consecutive years during the spawning season. The short duration of lake trout presence in the river (mean = 56 days/year) suggests female lake trout use the Niagara River primarily for spawning. Diversity in spawning locations may provide lake trout population’s resilience against environmental variability through a portfolio effect. Improved identification of riverine spawning locations, including their overall contribution to wild recruitment, may be a useful tool for managers to restore a wild-produced population of lake trout in Lake Ontario.     

Investigation into the structure and phase composition of powder aluminum-phosphorus master alloys

Powder aluminum-phosphorus master alloys for modifying hypereutectic silumins are developed. Optimal treatment modes of powder mixtures in a high-energy planetary mill which give minimal losses of the starting material and the microstructure with the uniform and dispersed distribution of particles of excess phases in the aluminum matrix are selected. The phase composition of formed master alloys is investigated by electron probe microanalysis. The high efficiency of modifying the hypereutectic silumin Al-17 wt % Si by introducing phosphorus (0.008 wt %) using fabricated master alloys is shown.     

Modified Low Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Macrovascular Disease

In atherosclerosis; blood low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are subjected to multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications that increase their atherogenicity and induce immunogenicity. Modified LDL are capable of inducing vascular inflammation through activation of innate immunity; thus, contributing to the progression of atherogenesis. The immunogenicity of modified LDL results in induction of self-antibodies specific to a certain type of modified LDL. The antibodies react with modified LDL forming circulating immune complexes. Circulating immune complexes exhibit prominent immunomodulatory properties that influence atherosclerotic inflammation. Compared to freely circulating modified LDL; modified LDL associated with the immune complexes have a more robust atherogenic and proinflammatory potential. Various lipid components of the immune complexes may serve not only as diagnostic but also as essential predictive markers of cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that LDL-containing immune complexes can also serve as biomarker for macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.     

Effects of bioflavonoids on the toxicity of T-toxin in rats. A morphological study

Subacute toxicity of T-2 toxin in rats was characterized by a primary defeat of liver, thymus, spleen and intraorgan arteries. In 75% of animals found out increase of the size and adipose infiltration of a liver, in all animals--reduction of the size of thymus (sharp) and spleen (moderate) and pronounced hypoplasia of lymphoid tissue. In the majority of rats vacuolation of cytoplasma of smooth-muscular walls of coronary and intrarenal arteries was revealed. In animals received T-2 toxin against a background of a diet with addition a flour from seeds of milk thistle with high contents of flavonoids, described morphological changes were expressed to a lesser degree and were observed less often. Moderate periportal adipose infiltration of a liver was revealed in 30% of animals, occupancy by cells of lymphoid tissue increased, the quantity and sizes of vacuoles in walls of vessels decreased.     

Stacking techniques for linear codes

A procedure for subspace stacking is proposed, and it is proved that the technique is equally successful for both linear codes and anticodes. It is demonstrated that families of errorcorrecting codes may be constructed using the proposed technique for stacking linear codes. Examples of such codes are given with rates better than the best known codes of identical Hamming distance and the same number of information digits.     

Determining hot cracking index of Al–Si–Cu–Mg casting alloys calculated using effective solidification range

The possibility of determining the hot cracking index using the calculated value of the effective solidification range is investigated for multicomponent cast aluminium alloys based on the system Al–Si–Cu–Mg with Mn, Ni, Fe and Zn additives. The upper limit of the effective solidification range was calculated as the temperature of formation of 65 wt-% solid phase using Sheil model. The linear relationship of the hot cracking index and the effective solidification range in the industrial and experimental multicomponent alloys based on the Al–Si–Cu–Mg system is demonstrated.     

Exchange reactions control for selective separation of glyoxylic acid in technological mixtures of glyoxal oxidation

Separation of glyoxylic acid from unpurified multicomponent technological mixtures, resulting in the process of direct oxidation of glyoxal, and preparation of sodium glyoxylate are developed. The mixtures are treated with an optimal amount of CaCO_3, which has to be prespecified by acidic–basic titration of the technological mixtures. Both separation of glyoxylic acid and preparation of sodium glyoxylate take place owing to ionic exchange reactions: calcium glyoxylate is easily converted into glyoxylic acid by action of oxalic acid. Reaction with Na₂CO₃ leads to the formation of sodium glyoxylate.     

Nutritive correction and iodine deficiency in children

It is well known that deficiency of calcium and iodine--essential food components needed for children's valuable growth and development--is observed presently in children of different age. Considering this fact, the "Danone" company together with Institute of Nutrition (Russia) has developed a special formula, including calcium, iodine and vitamin D, for dairy products "Rastishka". The use of these products facilitates both reducing the risk of the above mentioned microelement deficiency and children's growth and development.