Ellipsoidal neighbourhood outlier factor for distributed anomaly detection in resource constrained networks

Anomaly detection in resource constrained wireless networks is an important challenge for tasks such as intrusion detection, quality assurance and event monitoring applications. The challenge is to detect these interesting events or anomalies in a timely manner, while minimising energy consumption in the network. We propose a distributed anomaly detection architecture, which uses multiple hyperellipsoidal clusters to model the data at each sensor node, and identify global and local anomalies in the network. In particular, a novel anomaly scoring method is proposed to provide a score for each hyperellipsoidal model, based on how remote the ellipsoid is relative to their neighbours. We demonstrate using several synthetic and real datasets that our proposed scheme achieves a higher detection performance with a significant reduction in communication overhead in the network compared to centralised and existing schemes.     

Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystalline polymers containing aromatic ester mesogen and a nonmesogenic ferrocene unit in the spacer

A new series of liquid crystalline polymers containing aromatic triad ester mesogen and 1,1′‐disubstituted ferrocene as a nonmesogenic unit along with polymethylene spacer was synthesized. The polymer was synthesized by a room temperature polycondensation reaction between bis(4‐chloroformyl phenyloxy alkyl ferrocene dicarboxylate) and quinol. The alkyl groups have been varied by an even number of methylene groups with a range from two to ten groups. All the polymers were found to possess liquid crystalline properties. The identification of the mesophase is more transparent with an increase in the spacer. The thermal characteristics were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results reveal that the thermal stability of the polymers was decreased with increasing spacer length. The T_g, T_m, and T_i of the polymers decreased with increasing methylene groups. The incorporation of the ferrocene moiety also has a considerable effect on the glass transition temperature. The char yield of the polymer decreases with an increasing methylene chain length. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3494–3501, 2002     

Implementation of VLSI on Signal Processing-Based Digital Architecture Using AES Algorithm

Continuous improvements in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) technology and design software have significantly broadened the scope of digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The use of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and programmable digital signal processors for many DSP applications have changed, even though new system implementations based on reconfigurable computing are becoming more complex. Adaptable platforms that combine hardware and software programmability efficiency are rapidly maturing with discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) and sophisticated computerized design techniques, which are much needed in today’s modern world. New research and commercial efforts to sustain power optimization, cost savings, and improved runtime effectiveness have been initiated as initial reconfigurable technologies have emerged. Hence, in this paper, it is proposed that the DWT method can be implemented on a field-programmable gate array in a digital architecture (FPGA-DA). We examined the effects of quantization on DWT performance in classification problems to demonstrate its reliability concerning fixed-point math implementations. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm for DWT learning used in this architecture is less responsive to resampling errors than the previously proposed solution in the literature using the artificial neural networks (ANN) method. By reducing hardware area by 57%, the proposed system has a higher throughput rate of 88.72%, reliability analysis of 95.5% compared to the other standard methods.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a laser welded low carbon–stainless steel joint

This article reports on an experimental investigation to understand and subsequently control the alloying composition in laser welding of austenitic stainless steel and low carbon steel. An energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analyse the alloying composition, while microscopy and tensile tests were used to study the microstructure, and mechanical performance of the welded joint respectively. The investigation revealed that above a certain specific point energy the material within the melt pool is well mixed and the laser beam position can be used to control the mechanical properties of the joint. This finding was confirmed using a numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of melt pool dynamics. Strategies to control the composition leading to dramatic changes in hardness, microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar laser welded joint are discussed.     

A Novel Approach to Improve the Speech Intelligibility Using Fractional Delta-amplitude Modulation Spectrogram

Abstract

Speech enhancement is an interesting research area that aims at improving the quality and intelligibility of the speech that is affected by the additive noises, such as airport noise, train noise, restaurant noise, and so on. The presence of these background noises degrades the comfort of listening of the end user. This article proposes a speech enhancement method that uses a novel feature extraction which removes the noise spectrum from the noisy speech signal using a novel fractional delta-AMS (amplitude modulation spectrogram) feature extraction and the D-matrix feature extraction method. The fractional delta-AMS feature extraction strategy is the modification of the delta-AMS with the fractional calculus that increases the sharpness of the feature extraction. The extracted features from the frames are used to determine the optimal mask of all the frames of the noisy speech signal and the mask is employed for training the deep belief neural networks (DBN). The two metrics root mean square error (RMSE) and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) are used to evaluate the method. The proposed method yields a better value of PESQ at all level of noise and RMSE decreases with increased noise level.     

Threshold accepting and Ant-colony optimization algorithms for scheduling m-machine flow shops with lot streaming

This paper addresses the problem of making sequencing and scheduling decisions for n jobs m machines flow shops under lot sizing environment. Lot streaming (lot sizing) is the process of creating sublots to move the completed portion of a production sublots to down stream machines. There is a scope for efficient algorithms for scheduling problems in m-machine flow shop with lot streaming. In recent years, much attention is given to heuristics and search techniques. On this concern this paper proposes Ant-colony optimization algorithm (ACO) and threshold accepting algorithm (TA) to evolve best sequence for makespan/total flow time criterion for m-machine flow shop involved with lot streaming and setup time. The following two algorithms are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed ACO and TA: (i) Baker's algorithm (BA), an optimal solution procedure for two-machine flow shop problem with lot streaming and makespan objective criterion and (ii) genetic and hybrid genetic algorithm for m-machine flow shop problem with lot streaming and makespan and total flow time criteria.     

Evaluation of connection flexibility in cold formed steel racks

Steel storage racks are three-dimensional framed structures fabricated from cold formed steel sections, wherein hook-in end connectors are used to make beam-column connections which are basically boltless and semi-rigid in nature. Different types of beam end connectors with different geometry of the connected members are available, making it impossible to develop a generalized analytical model. Only very few theoretical models are available to evaluate the performance of the joints for some typical connectors. More often experimental evaluation and numerical studies are needed to predict the behaviour of every different type of connectors. In the present study eighteen experiments were conducted on a commercially available pallet rack connection by varying the most influencing parameters such as thickness of the column, depth of the connector and the depth of the beam. The main objective of this work is to quantify the beam to column joint, flexibility of commonly used pallet rack frame and to develop a general Frye-Morris type/three parameter power model type moment versus relative rotation relationship. A companion finite element shell model that simulates the experimental behaviour closely is developed using ABAQUS finite element software, which is also used for further parametric studies. Using the three major variables as size parameters, a Frye-Morris type of equation has been proposed. Some calibration studies have also been carried out. Using the ultimate moment capacity, initial connection stiffness and the shape parameter obtained, a three parameter power model has also been proposed to represent the moment-rotation behaviour of the boltless connections.     

Prediction of the tensile capacity of cold formed angles experiencing shear lag

The present study deals with the shear lag phenomenon in cold formed angles under tension, which are connected on one leg. A new expression for shear lag factor which represents the net section reduction coefficient has been suggested in the present paper. The proposed expression based on the regression analysis of 108 experimental results reported in the literature is validated by experiments involving net section failure in angles under tension. Totally 18 experiments were carried out on single angles fastened with bolts to the gusset plates under tension loaded upto net section rupture mode of failure. The experimental test parameters considered are number of bolts, pitch and shear lag distances and ratio of connected leg length to unconnected leg length. The tensile capacities are evaluated by various specifications such as AS/NZS:4600:2005, NAS:2001, AISC:2005, BS:5950-Part5:1998, IS:800-2007 and the proposed equation. A comparative study of tensile capacities predicted based on various codes and the experiment results is presented in this paper. For the tested range of specimens, both NAS:2001 and AISC:2005 standards over-predicted the capacities for all the specimens. The IS:800-2007 and AS/NZS 4600:2005 predictions are good for the specimens with three bolted connections and unconservative in the case of specimen with two bolts. Both BS:5950-Part-5:1998 and the proposed equation for IS:801 predict good estimate of the tensile capacity of cold formed angle members. The proposed equation for cold formed steel tension members, which is in the same format of IS:800 (2007) (Indian code for Hot rolled steel design), has been demonstrated to be good.