Processing,digestion property and structure characterization of slowly digestible gorgon nut starch

Food Science and Biotechnology - Slowly digestible gorgon nut starch (GN-SDS) was prepared by heating–cooling treatment (HCT), meanwhile its morphological and structural features were...     

Comparative study of martensitic transformation behavior of NiAlMn and NiAlMnFe high temperature shape memory alloys

A comparative study of microstructure and martensitic transformation (MT) behavior of Ni₅₉Al₁₁Mn₃₀ and Ni₆₀Al₁₉Mn₁₆Fe₅ high temperature shape memory alloys (SMAs) has been performed by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), optical microscopy, and micro-hardness testing. The MT temperature (MTT) of Ni₅₉Al₁₁Mn₃₀ alloy is higher than that of Ni₆₀Al₁₉Mn₁₆Fe₅ alloy, and both alloys’ MTT increases with increasing annealing temperature. The temperature hysteresis and hardness of Ni₅₉Al₁₁Mn₃₀ alloy are smaller than that of Ni₆₀Al₁₉Mn₁₆Fe₅ alloy. The MT behavior of Ni₆₀Al₁₉Mn₁₆Fe₅ is sensitive to aging temperature and its MTT and hysteresis decrease with increasing aging temperature. However, the MT behavior of Ni₅₉Al₁₁Mn₃₀ alloy is not sensitive to aging temperature. The MT stabilization effects appear in both alloys during thermal cycles. This stabilization effect vanishes from the second thermal cycle. The quenched microstructure of Ni₅₉Al₁₁Mn₃₀ and Ni₆₀Al₁₉Mn₁₆Fe₅ alloys is M plus gamma phase, in which the volume fraction of gamma phase is about 40 and 20%, respectively, and the microhardness of M is higher than that of gamma phase. No aging effects were found in both alloys after aging at 400 °C.     

高能球磨制备立方A1N及其高温相变

研究了高能球磨过程中Al2O3的相变，随着球磨时间的延长，粉末中发生了γ-Al2O3向α—Al2O3的转变、高能球磨20h，Al2O3部分非晶化，同时，有立方A1N生成．增加球磨强度，立方A1N生成量增加，650r／min高能球磨40h，A1N生成量达到72％．随后的氮气气氛退火实验发现，在500℃以上，立方氮化铝与氧化铝反应，生成AION相．AION相的生成，有效地降低了碳热还原氮化反应激活能．     

On the accuracy of the collocation Trefftz method for solving two- and three-dimensional heat equations

ABSTRACT

In this article, the accuracy of the collocation Trefftz method (CTM) for solving two- and three-dimensional heat equations is investigated. The numerical solutions are approximated by superpositioning T-complete functions formulated using cylindrical harmonics. To avoid the ill-conditioning of the CTM, the characteristic lengths and the multiple-scale Trefftz method are adopted. The results reveal that for two-dimensional problems, the CTM can provide highly accurate numerical solutions, with the accuracy increasing with the order of the terms. For three-dimensional problems, highly accurate numerical solutions can be obtained using a certain order of terms, where the order is determined by performing an accuracy assessment.     

Formation of crystalline and amorphous solid solutions of W–Ni–Fe powder during mechanical alloying

The tungsten heavy alloy with the composition of 76.6W–17.3Ni–6.1Fe in atom percent was mechanically alloyed (MA) from the elemental powders of W, Ni and Fe. Nanocrystalline supersaturated solid solutions and amorphous phase were obtained during MA. Phase evolution, grain size and lattice distortion of these powders were determined and discussed. A thermodynamic model was developed based on semi-experimental theory of Miedema to calculate the driving force for phase evolution. The thermodynamic analysis showed that there is no chemical driving force to form the solid solution and the amorphous phase. The effect of the work of milling on the amorphization during MA was discussed and the model of multilayer amorphization during MA was applied to illustrate the feasibility of amorphization of powder with neither ΔH_mix0 nor D_BD_A. The driving force for amorphization is provided not by the negative heat of mixing or the stored energy in the grain boundaries but by the sharp concentration gradients in this system. Amorphization is mechanically driven and not by the negative heat of mixing. Crystallization is suppressed by sharp concentration gradients.     

球磨氧化铝晶粒尺寸与显微应变的关系

研究了高能球磨氧化铝的晶粒尺寸和显微应变。发现球磨后氧化铝的显微应变（ε）与晶粒尺寸（Ｄ）符合逆变关系,即晶粒尺寸越小,显微应变越大。显微应变与晶粒尺寸的倒数成线性关系,在ε～１／Ｄ图上出现双斜率。表明球磨不同阶段,显微应变增加的机制不同。     

Thermodynamic Characteristic and Phase Evolution in Immiscible Cr–Mo Binary Alloys

This paper systematically reports the thermodynamic characteristic and phase evolution of immiscible Cr–Mo binary alloy during mechanical alloying(MA) process. The Cr–35Mo(in at%) powder mixture was milled at 243 and258 K, respectively, for different time. For comparative study, Cr–15Mo and Cr–62Mo powder mixtures were milled at 243 K for 18 h. Solid solution Cr(Mo) with body-centered cubic(bcc) crystal structure and amorphous Cr(Mo) alloy was obtained during MA process caused by high-energy ball milling. Based on the Miedema's model, the free-energy change for forming either a solid solution or an amorphous in Cr–Mo alloy system is positive but small at a temperature range between 200 and 300 K. The thermodynamical barrier for forming alloy in Cr–Mo system can be overcome when MA occurs at 243 K, and the supersaturated solid solution crystal nuclei with bcc structure form continually, and three supersaturated solid solutions of Cr–62Mo, Cr–35Mo and Cr–15Mo formed. Milling the Cr–35Mo powder mixture at 258 K, the solid solution Cr(Mo) forms firstly, and then the solid solution Cr(Mo) transforms into the amorphous Cr(Mo)alloy with a few of nanocrystallines when milling is prolonged. At higher milling temperature, it is favorable for the formation of the amorphous phase, as indicated by the thermodynamical calculation for immiscible Cr–Mo alloy system.     

高能球磨制备立方AlN及其高温相变

研究了高能球磨过程中Al₂O₃的相变, 随着球磨时间的延长, 粉末中发生了γ -Al₂O₃向α -Al₂O₃3的转变. 高能球磨20h, Al₂O₃部分非晶化, 同时, 有立方AlN生成. 增加球磨强度, 立方AlN生成量增加, 650r/min高能球磨40h, AlN生成量达到72%. 随后的氮气气氛退火实验发现, 在500℃以上, 立方氮化铝与氧化铝反应, 生成AlON相. AlON相的生成, 有效地降低了碳热还原氮化反应激活能.