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1.
Two wheeled motor bikes are playing an important role in urban passenger transportation owing to ease of handling and affordable cost. Maximum amount of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are emitted during cold start of spark ignition engines. The current work presents the possible reduction of cold start HC emissions of 150 CC motorbike spark ignition (SI) engine with ethanolgasoline blends and/or with intake air heating by glow plug. Anhydrous ethanol was blended with unleaded gasoline in the range of 0% (E0) to 20% (E20) by volume to be used as fuel. The experimented parameters were intake air temperature, exhaust gas temperature, fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. Without intake air heating, E10 was found to be the optimum to reduce the cold start HC emissions by 23%. With intake air heating in the range of 40°C to 70°C, maximum HC emissions reduction was 23.8% for neat gasoline at 50°C and 33.6% for E10 blend at 60°C. 相似文献
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R. Kandasamy I. Muhaimin P. Puvi Arasu P. Loganathan 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》2011,84(3):495-508
An analytical technique, namely, the homotopy analysis method, is applied to analyze the effect of chemical reaction and thermophoresis
particle deposition on the MHD mixed convective heat and mass transfer for a Hiemenz flow over a porous wedge in the presence
of heat radiation. The fluid is assumed to be viscous and incompressible. Analytical and numerical calculations are carried
out for different values of dimensionless parameters, and an analysis of the results obtained shows that the flow field is
influenced appreciably by the buoyancy ratio as well as by the thermal diffusion and suction/injection parameters. The effects
of these parameters on the process characteristics are investigated methodically, and typical results are illustrated. An
explicit, totally analytical, and uniformly valid solution is derived which agrees well with numerical results. 相似文献
3.
Two-dimensional perfect quaternary arrays 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Arasu K.T. de Launey W. 《IEEE transactions on information theory / Professional Technical Group on Information Theory》2001,47(4):1482-1493
We study two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of fourth roots of unity which have all out-of-phase periodic autocorrelations equal to zero. Generalizing the concept of a perfect binary array, we call these arrays perfect quaternary arrays. We establish connections with combinatorial design theory and exhibit large families of such arrays. Increasing the alphabet from size two to size four greatly increases the flexibility one has in choosing the dimensions for 2-D arrays with perfect periodic autocorrelation. For example, we show that the number of entries in a 2-D perfect quaternary array may be divisible by any Mersenne prime and indeed by many other primes, whereas 2-D perfect binary arrays are only known to exist with size equal to a power of two times a power of three 相似文献
4.
Polyacrylonitrile sheet cast by a novel method described in Part I is clear, colorless, chemically resistant, brittle, and rather weak. It undergoes irreversible thermal changes above about 80°C., but if heated quickly, it can be oriented to give greater strength parallel to the direction of orientation. Some improvement in strength can be achieved by the use of fibrous fillers. Certain copolymers are stronger than the homopolymer but have lower softening temperatures. 相似文献
5.
Suhyoung Park Mariadhas Valan Arasu Min-Ki Lee Jin-Hyuk Chun Jeong Min Seo Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi Sun-Ju Kim 《LWT》2014
We profiled and quantified glucosinolates (GSLs), anthocyanins and free amino acids in thirty-seven inbred lines green and red cabbage. Analysis of these distinct cabbages revealed the presence of 8 GSLs, 13 anthocyanins and 12 free amino acids. GSL contents were varied among the different lines of cabbage. The maximum levels of glucoraphanin (14.91 μmol/g DW) and glucobrassicin (12.37) were found in FX 1-28 and FX 1-32 lines, respectively. Total GSLs in red cabbage lines were 50% higher than those of green cabbage. Anthocyanin contents in red cabbage were ranged from 4.11 to 6.81 mg/g DW in FX 2-3 and FX 1-34 lines, respectively. Among the 13 anthocyanins, both cyanidin 3-(feruloyl) (sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl) (sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside levels were the highest amounts. The amounts of total free amino acids were ranged from 523.5 to 1308 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) in green cabbage and 484.8 to 1271 in red cabbage, respectively. In red cabbage lines, 9.4% of the total free amino acids accounted essential amino acids such as valine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine. Thus, the amounts of GSLs, anthocyanins, and amino acids varied widely, and the variations in these compounds between the lines of cabbage were significant. 相似文献
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The melting of paraffin wax dispersed with Al2O3 that is heated from one side of a square enclosure with dimensions of 25 mm × 25 mm is investigated numerically. The stream function, isotherms and liquid–solid interface at different stages of the melting process are presented and discussed. The effect of orientation of the heating surfaces of a square cavity and the volumetric concentration of Al2O3 in paraffin wax on the melting performance of the latent heat storage system is analysed. 相似文献
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9.
Arvind Arasu Shivnath Babu Jennifer Widom 《The VLDB Journal The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases》2006,15(2):121-142
CQL, a continuous query language, is supported by the STREAM prototype data stream management system (DSMS) at Stanford. CQL is an expressive SQL-based declarative
language for registering continuous queries against streams and stored relations. We begin by presenting an abstract semantics
that relies only on “black-box” mappings among streams and relations. From these mappings we define a precise and general
interpretation for continuous queries. CQL is an instantiation of our abstract semantics using SQL to map from relations to
relations, window specifications derived from SQL-99 to map from streams to relations, and three new operators to map from
relations to streams. Most of the CQL language is operational in the STREAM system. We present the structure of CQL's query
execution plans as well as details of the most important components: operators, interoperator queues, synopses, and sharing
of components among multiple operators and queries. Examples throughout the paper are drawn from the Linear Road benchmark recently proposed for DSMSs. We also curate a public repository of data stream applications that includes a wide
variety of queries expressed in CQL. The relative ease of capturing these applications in CQL is one indicator that the language
contains an appropriate set of constructs for data stream processing.
Edited by M. Franklin 相似文献
10.
Kaliyan Barathikannan Ramachandran Chelliah Fazle Elahi Akanksha Tyagi Vijayalakshmi Selvakumar Paul Agastian Mariadhas Valan Arasu Deog-Hawn Oh 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
In the present study, thirty two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented Indian herbal medicine. In comparison to other strains, MNL5 had stronger bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and cholesterol-lowering properties. Furthermore, it can withstand the extreme conditions found in the GI tract, due to, e.g., pepsin, bile salts, pancreatin, and acids. Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 was identified as a probiotic candidate after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The antibacterial activity of P. acidilactici MNL5 cell-free supernatants (CFS) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans was moderate. A Caenorhabditis elegans experiment was also performed to assess the effectiveness of P. acidilactici MNL5 supplementation to increase life span compared to E. coli supplementation (DAF-2 and LIU1 models) (p < 0.05). An immense reduction of the lipid droplets of C. elegans was identified through a fluorescent microscope. The drastic alteration of the expression of fat genes is related to obesity phenotypes. Hence, several paths are evolutionary for C. elegans; the results of our work highlight the nematode as an important model for obesity. 相似文献