Effects of the addition of hemp powder on the physicochemical properties and energy bar qualities of extruded rice

Extruded rice/hemp mixtures were prepared by mixing defatted and whole hemp powders with rice flour at varying hemp levels (0%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The influence of hemp powder type and level on physicochemical and antioxidant properties was studied. The bulk densities of the extruded rice/hemp samples increased with increase in levels of added hemp powder. The extrudates blended with hemp powder had a lower water absorption index than the control (extruded rice without hemp). The extruded rice/whole hemp had more total phenolics and flavonoids and had a better scavenging effect on DPPH radicals than extruded rice/defatted hemp. The highest potential to inhibit β-carotene oxidation was found in extruded rice/40% whole hemp. Increasing amounts of hemp powder resulted in lower equilibrium moisture content of energy bars. The energy bar made with extruded rice/20% whole hemp was preferred for colour, taste and overall acceptability.     

Comparative studies on the characterization and antioxidant properties of biodegradable alginate films containing ginseng extract

The physical and antioxidant properties of alginate biodegradable film incorporating white, red and extruded white ginseng extracts were investigated. No differences in moisture contents of all alginate film samples were noticeable (p > 0.05) except those film samples incorporated without ginseng extract, which had the highest moisture content. The addition of ginseng extract to alginate film decreased tensile strength and elastic modulus (p < 0.05) but increased the percent elongation at break. The presence of extracts did not significantly affect the water vapor permeability of the film samples. Alginate film containing extruded white ginseng extract at a barrel temperature of 130 °C presented the highest (61.12%) free-radical scavenging activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) in methanol, followed by film containing white ginseng extruded at a barrel temperature of 115 °C. Following these samples in terms of free-radical scavenging activity were film samples containing red and white ginseng extracts, respectively. These results revealed that extruded white ginseng extract has good potential to be incorporated into alginate to make antioxidant biodegradable film or coating for various food applications.     

Influence of extrusion condition and hemp addition on wheat dough and bread properties

This study was to evaluate the influence of hemp addition and extrusion conditions on properties of dough and bread. The extruded and non-extruded hemp/ rice flours with different hemp/rice ratio were mixed with wheat flour at 15% ratio. In those flour assays, extrusion greatly decreased the paste viscosities, while the addition of hemp inhibited the decrease of peak viscosity on the extrusion condition. The onset gelatinization temperature was extended due to the hemp addition. The test on dough properties showed that extrusion increased water absorption, arrival time, weakness, extensibility, and the volume after 105 min fermentation, and decreased the stability time and elasticity of dough, while hemp addition mainly increased the weakness and extensibility. For bread properties, extrusion decreased the specific volume, crust and crumb L value, and uniformed air cells, when the hemp addition increased the bread specific volume and decreased the hardness during storage time.