壳聚糖固定化单宁酸酶的特性研究

研究了以壳聚糖为载体交联-吸附单宁酸酶后的化学特性。结果表明：固定化单宁酸酶（简称“ITA”）的最适反应pH为3.0,原酶（简称“TA”）为5．5;ITA最适反应温度为50℃,TA为40℃;ITA的Km（app）为1．3845×10(-1)mol／L,TA为6．7500×10(-5)mol/L;ITA在pH3．0～8．0的范围内残存酶活大于60％,ITA在pH3．0～6.0范围内残存酶活大于60％;ITA在80℃的水浴中保温1h,酶活力仍未见下降,而TA在60℃水浴中保温30min酶已失活;ITA和TA在4℃和30℃的条件下,贮藏20d后,ITA的残存活性大于40％,TA的残存活性小于20％。     

Study on Stabilizing Mechanism of Konjac Glucomannan in Tea Infusions

ABSTRACT:  The stabilizing mechanism of konjac glucomannan (KGM) in tea infusions was studied using a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), ethanol sedimentation, and other methods. As a result, many water-soluble complexes among the KGM molecules and tea components such as thearubigins (TRs), theaflavins (TFs), total catechins (TC), and tea polyphenols (TPP) were obviously formed in tea infusions with addition of KGM. The aggregations of tea components, which caused tea cream down, were decreased because of KGM addition and the stability of suspended particles in tea-KGM infusions was enhanced. These findings suggested that the strong adsorption happened among KGM and tea components and particles through strong hydrogen bonding functions. Molecular weight of KGM in tea infusions was smaller than that in water solution. In water solution, it was 4.83 × 10⁵, but in black tea infusions 3.41 × 10⁵, and in oolong tea infusions 3.51 × 10⁵. The experiments also revealed that the tea-KGM infusions had stronger antielectrolyte coagulation capacity and the static electrification action exists among the molecules of tea infusions. These findings indicated that KGM could be a useful stabilizer for stability of the tea infusions.     

高GABA、低咖啡因保健茶加工工艺研究

把高GABA富集工艺技术和脱咖啡因工艺技术相结合,找到了最适合的GABA保健荼加工方案.通过一定时间的真空充氮嫌气处理,能使适制品种原料制成品GABA含量达到1.5 mg/g以上;其中福云6号在经过嫌气处理后,GABA含量较高,风味接受性较强,是最适合加工GABA茶的品种;同时利用水潦杀青脱咖啡碱工艺,可有效降低GABA茶的咖啡碱含量(咖啡碱平均脱除丰达40%),同时把γ-氨基丁酸、茶多酚等有益成分的损失率控制在较低的范围,并能有效改善其不良风味.加工GABA荼的最佳工艺方案为,室内萎凋,水潦杀青,N2嫌气处理11h,中间摊晾1h,最后采用烘干的干燥方式.