A Ray-Tracing Analysis of ICRH in Tokamaks

Power deposition profiles generated by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating （ICRH） in non-circular tokamaks are studied using a ray-tracing technique. The simulation results for the Experimental Advanced Superconductor Tokamak （EAST） D-shaped plasma are presented. It is indicated that the spatial distributions of plasma parameters （plasma density, species temperature, minority ion concentration, etc.） have an significant influence on the power deposition profiles. The findings may be highly useful to the planned plasma heating and experiments in EAST.     

Basic Study on Islanding Detection Method for PV Systems by Harmonic Impedance Detection in Case of Including Induction Motor in Load System

It is important that photovoltaic (PV) systems detect islanding caused by power system faults to ensure electrical safety. Thus we propose a novel islanding detection method which detects the harmonic impedance by injecting harmonic currents synchronized with the exciting current harmonics of the pole transformer. For the case in which an induction motor load is included in the load system, basic experiments on islanding detection and simulation analysis are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Energy‐Efficient Train Speed Profile Generator Combining Partial Energy‐Oriented Driving Approaches

One way of reducing the energy consumption of trains is to drive them in an energy‐efficient manner. There can be various driving patterns between two adjacent stops, or various speed profiles, because there is a gap called the running time supplement between the planned running time set in a timetable and the shortest possible running time of the train. Previous studies have proposed using up the supplement by changing the driving operation from powering to coasting at optimal points in terms of energy consumption. Others have shown that full use of regenerative braking helps save energy. In this study, we developed an energy‐efficient speed profile generator by combining these partial energy‐oriented driving approaches when the planned running time is given. We added this generator to existing shortest running time calculation software, so that it works for various vehicle and train route data. Numerical experiments showed that our profile provided superior performance compared to manually created ones for artificial and real data.     

高清晰度电视信号用外插内插预测编码方法

本文介绍了一种高清晰度电视(HDTV)信号的数字传输用高效编码方法。由于HDTV信号的带宽宽,所以存在两个主要问题:一是HDTV信号的随机噪声比传统电视信号的大,因而导致编码的效率下降;二是需要很高的取样频率。这样,就限制了编码算法的硬件实现。因此,本文提出两种技术来解决这些问题:第一是时空自适应滤波器,用它可降低随机噪声并改善编码效率;第二是具有自适应内场/帧间预测的外插和内插编码算法,这种算法消除了因高的取样频率引起的问题并保证了高效编码性能。     

LIPID CLASSES, FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS AND TRIACYLGLYCEROL MOLECULAR SPECIES FROM ADZUKI BEANS (VIGNA ANGULARIS)

The lipids extracted from adzuki beans grown in Japan were classified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into eight fractions. Molecular species and fatty acid distributions of triacylglycerols (TAGs) isolated from the total lipids in the beans were determined from a combination of argentation-TLC and gas chromatography. The major lipid components were phospholipids (PL; 63.5%) and TAG (21.2%), while hydrocarbons (5.1%), steryl esters (7.5%), free fatty acids (0.9%), diacylglycerols (1.3%) and monoacylglycerols (0.5%) were also present in minor proportions. Both major samples had high amounts of total unsaturated fatty acids, representing 62.1% for TAG and 65.9% for PL. Seventeen different molecular species were detected. The major TAG components were SMD (5.0%), S₂T (19.3%), SD₂ (13.8%), SMT (9.3%), MD₂ (4.5%), SDT (7.0%), D₃ (8.8%) and ST₂ (15.9%), where S, M, D and T denote a saturated fatty acid, a monoene, a diene and a triene, respectively.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This article describes the characteristics of lipid components, fatty acid compositions as well as the profiles of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular species of adzuki beans. α-Linolenic (18:3 n -3) acid was detected as 24.8, 21.2 and 15.2% in the TAG, total lipids and phospholipids, respectively. The oil from legumes, except the profitable fatty acid content, could be a potential source of tocopherols. The data obtained in this study would be useful to both consumers and producers for manufacturing traditional adzuki confectionaries ( wagashi ) in Japan and elsewhere.     

Suppression of Surimi Gel Setting by Transglutaminase Inhibitors

Three types of salted meat paste (3% NaCl, 3% NaCl plus 0.66% NH₄Cl or 3% NaCl plus 0.2% EDTA) were prepared from high and second grade surimi, set at 30°C up to 4 br, and subsequently heated at 85°C for 30 min. The gel strength, crosslinking of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and ?-(γ-glutamyl)lysine (?-(γ-Glu)Lys) content were determined. With extended setting time, gel strength, crosslinking of MHC and the content of a crosslinked product, ?-(γ-Glu)Lys, increased markedly in the gel from the high grade surimi. Such changes were suppressed considerably in the presence of NH₄Cl and EDTA and were not observed in the gel prepared from second grade surimi. These results indicated an active participation of intrinsic transglutaminase in the setting process.     

Microparticulation by Jet Mill Grinding of Protein Powders and Effects on Hydrophobicity

A method was studied for microparticulation of protein for use as fat substitutes by superfine grinding. A jet mill produced particles <3 μm from egg white, casein and soybean hull. Microparticulation by grinding of egg white was easier than with casein or soybean hull. Hydrophobicity of casein increased by grinding to super fine particles but little or no effect was observed on soybean hull and egg white.     

LIQUID-PHASE PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTION ON TiO22 THIN FILM

The photocatalytic decomposition process on TiO₂ thin films, was modeled by taking the decay of illumination intensity via Lambert-Beer law into account. For the sake of experimental verification of the proposed model, Ti02 thin films were prepared on a glass substrate by a dip-coating method combined with a sol-gel process and the photocatalyuc activity of the thin films was evaluated by the decomposition of 2-propanol (IPA) in an aqueous solution under illumination of UV light source. The film thickness up to 1.4 μm increased with the withdrawal speed raised to the power 0.6 and was proportional to the number of application (i.e., repetition of dip-coating process). The TiO₂ gel films prepared by a dip-coating technique, were subject to firing at 500°C. The photocatalytic decomposition rate could be expressed apparently as first-order with respect to IPA concentration. The observed relationship between apparent first-order rate constant of decomposition and the film thickness could satisfactorily be explained by the proposed model.     

ε-(γ-Glutamyl)lysine Crosslink Distribution in Foods as Determined by Improved Method

Quantitative analysis of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine crosslink in 127 foods was achieved with a, preliminary separation by reverse phase-HPLC before o-phthalaldehyde derivatization to remove interfering peaks. ε-(γ-Glutamyl)lysine was detected in 96 foods and its contents ranged from 0.2 to 135 μmol/lOOg protein. High levels were found in fish paste products, processed fish, shellfish, meats and soybeans, and raw poultry organs. For fish and meats, the level of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine in processed foods and fish paste was relatively higher than that in raw materials. The improved procedure could be applied for screening materials with transglutaminase activities.     

ANATAGONOMY: a personalized newspaper on the World Wide Web

This paper describes a personalized newspaper on the World Wide Web (WWW), called ANATAGONOMY. The main feature of this system is that the newspaper is personalized without asking the users to specify their preferences explicitly. The system monitors user operations on the articles and reflects them in the user profiles. Differently from conventional newspapers on the WWW, our system sends an interaction agent implemented as a Java applet to the client side, and the agent monitors the user operations and creates each user's newspaper pages automatically. The server side manages user profiles and anticipates how interesting an article would be for each user. The interaction agent on the client side manages all the user interactions, including the automatic layout of pages. Our system has page multiple layout algorithms and the user can switch from one view to another anytime, according to the preference or machine environment. On one of the views, the user can even see all the articles sequentially without performing any operations. We evaluated a scheme in which the user scores each article explicitly, and a scheme in which all the personalization is done automatically. The results show that automatic personalization works well when some parameters are set properly.