Quality enhancement in fresh and frozen lingcod (Ophiodon elongates) fillets by employment of fish oil incorporated chitosan coatings

The 3% chitosan solutions incorporating 10% fish oil (w/w chitosan, containing 91.2% EPA and DHA) with or without the addition of 0.8% vitamin E were prepared. Fresh lingcod (Ophiodon elongates) fillets were vacuum-impregnated in coating solution at 100 mm Hg for 10 min followed by atmospheric restoration for 15 min, dried, and then stored at 2 °C or −20 °C for 3-weeks and 3-months, respectively, for physicochemical and microbial quality evaluation. Chitosan–fish oil coating increased total lipid and omega-3 fatty acid contents of fish by about 3-fold, reduced TBARS values in both fresh and frozen samples, and also decreased drip loss of frozen samples by 14.1–27.6%. Chitosan coatings resulted in 0.37–1.19 and 0.27–1.55 log CFU/g reductions in total plate and psychrotrophic counts in cold stored and frozen stored samples, respectively. Chitosan–fish oil coatings may be used to extend shelf-life and fortify omega-3 fatty acid in lean fish.     

Effect of pulsed vacuum and ultrasound osmopretreatments on glass transition temperature, texture, microstructure and calcium penetration of dried apples (Fuji)

The effect of pulsed vacuum and ultrasound pretreatments on glass transition, texture, rehydration, microstructure and other selected properties of air- and freeze-dried apples (Fuji) were investigated. Apple cylinders (15 mm height × 15 mm diameter) were first osmoconcentrated in a 60 g/100 g high-fructose corn syrup solution containing 7.5 g/100 g Gluconal Cal^® combined with agitation, pulsed vacuum (PV), or ultrasound for 3 h, then hot-air or freeze dried. Changes in glass transition temperature, hardness, crispness, and rehydration rate were measured, microstructure was observed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and calcium ions distributions were analyzed by a laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Under the same drying method, ultrasound led to a higher glass transition temperature, lower water activity, moisture content and rehydration rate, severer structure collapse, less cavities and calcium uptake than PV did. Different osmoconcentration pretreatment had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on the hardness, crispness, shrinkage and rehydration rate. Compared to hot-air drying, freeze-dried apples showed the porous structure, minimal shrinkage, softer texture, better rehydration capacity, lighter color, and slightly lower glass transition temperature.     

Effect of bilayer coating composed of polyvinyl alcohol,chitosan, and sodium alginate on salted duck eggs

The composite bilayer film based on polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and chitosan were developed in this study, and the effects of the related coating on internal-quality changes of salted duck eggs (SDEs) during storage were determined. The results showed that the overall properties of the bilayer film were better than those of monolayer films, including storage stability. Coatings could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce quality deterioration of SDEs such as water loss, oil exudation, and gritty. The bilayer coating was more effective in inhibiting the increase of egg yolk pH and total bacterial counts than monolayer coatings. After storage for 60 days, water content of bilayer coated SEDs was 19.7% higher than that of the control SDEs, oil exudation was 38% higher, and gritty texture was 27.9% higher. Moreover, bilayer coating could prolong the shelf life of SDEs to more than 60 days at 25°C and 50% relative humidity according to the results of total bacterial count experiment, while the shelf life of control SDEs was less than 45 days. This study indicated the potential application of bilayer composite coating for preservation of SDEs.     

碱联合超高压预处理对笋壳酶解效率的影响

以竹笋壳（BS）为原料,采用单独超高压（UHP）、单独碱加热（AH）、超高压后碱加热（UHP+AT）和碱加热后超高压（AT+UHP）4种方法进行预处理,并对比分析了样品预处理前后的化学组成、扫描电镜（SEM）、晶体结构（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、比表面积和孔结构及酶水解效率的变化规律。结果表明：与其他处理方法相比,AT+UHP在450MPa压强下处理效果最好。预处理后样品中木质素的脱除率为86.87%,微观表面结构松散和粗糙,结晶指数有所上升,比表面积和孔体积分别为2.590m²/g、0.010cm³/g,酶水解效率高达97.89%。UHP+AT与AT+UHP预处理效果差异不明显,其酶解效率达到96.94%。因此,碱联合超高压处理是生物燃料生产中生物质预处理的一种潜在选择。     

基于MSP430单片机和DDS技术的频率特性测试仪的设计

为克服传统的模拟式频率特性测试仪价格昂贵、操作不便和性能指标易受温漂因素影响等不足,通过采用数字技术,将先进的DDS和MSP430单片机相结合,设计了一个简易的频率特性测试仪.系统采用模块化设计,具有良好的人机接口,其扫频初始频率及步进值能通过键盘进行设置.系统具有10 MHz带宽,适合高等学校等机构的电子技术、电子测...     

一种基于不平滑度的网格简化算法

在三维建模中,一个物体的网格模型常常包含数以百万计的三角形面片,给模型的存储、绘制、渲染、传输及交互处理带来诸多不便。提出一种三角形折叠法,计算各个顶点的不平滑度,基于顶点不平滑度确定各三角形的权值,并对符合折叠要求的三角形求解折叠后新顶点的位置及累积不平滑度,通过实例验证证明该算法在简化网格时能较好地保持模型整体特征。     

我公司脱盐水系统改造小结

为降低脱盐水酸碱消耗,减少环境污染,对原系统进行了改造。改选后水质稳定,节能效果较好。     

新产品设计创新思维与技法的应用

新产品设计与开发是企业生存发展的重要环节之一,而创新思维在新产品设计中起着重要的作用.文中分析了创新思维的特点,论述了与各类新产品设计相对应的创新技法和例证.