Book reviews

Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society

Michael A. Burayidi (ed.) Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2000 ISBN 0275961257 (hardback) 280 pp.; index RRP $123.85

The Community Planning Handbook: How People Can Shape Their Cities, Towns and Villages

Nick Wates (ed.) Earthscan, London, 2000 ISBN 1853836540 (paperback) 230 pp. RRP $42.85

City Against Suburb: The Culture Wars in an American Metropolis

Joseph A. Rodriguez Praeger, Westport, Conn., 1999 ISBN 027596406X (hardback) 144 pp.; bibliographic essay RRP $96.97

Community Development in the Market Economy

Jeremy McArdle Vista, Melbourne, 1999 ISBN 0958649677 (paperback) 117 pp.; bibliography RRP $16.50

Ethnicity and Housing: Accommodating Difference

Frederick W. Boal (ed.) Ashgate, Aldershot, 2000 ISBN 1859725961 (hardcover) 318 pp.; bibliography and index RRP $101.08

Computer-Aided Policymaking: Lessons from Strategic Planning Software

Ray Wyatt, E. & F. N. Spon, London, 1999 ISBN 0419244808 (paperback) 244 pp.; bibliography and index RRP $79.95

Making Common Ground: Public-Private Partnership in Land for Housing.

Geoffrey Payne (ed.). Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 1999. ISBN 1853394793 (paperback). 256 pp.; bibliography and index. RRP $45.86     

Antioxidative effects of leaves from Azadirachta species of different provenience

Twenty extracts of leaves from Azadirachta plants (Siamese neem tree of different provenience, neem tree and marrango tree), a traditional medicine, and frequently eaten in large amounts as parts of meals in Thailand, showed proportionality between total phenolics and radical-scavenging as measured, as reduction of Fremy’s salt by ESR-spectroscopy. Scavenging effect of extracts from the neem tree was significantly lower than those of the Siamese neem tree and the marrango tree. The ability of the extracts to trap carbon-centred 1-hydroxyethyl radicals indicates prooxidative activity for a very high concentration of extract. The extracts were found to be efficient scavengers of compounds known to initiate lipid oxidation, as demonstrated by rate constants (25 °C) for reaction with ferrylmyoglobin: k = (1.7 ± 0.3) × 10³ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ at pH 5.5 and k = (7.7 ± 1.4) × 10² M⁻¹ s⁻¹ at pH 7.4, respectively, and with riboflavin triplet-state: k = (1.30 ± 0.02) × 10⁹ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ at pH 7.4. The rate constants for deactivation of ferrylmyoglobin by the extracts were larger than the rate constant for deactivation by the pure phenolic compounds present in the extract, demonstrating synergistic effects. All extracts showed high efficiencies as chain-breaking antioxidants. This was indicated by lowering of oxygen consumption rates in a peroxidising lipid emulsion, suggesting a role as dietary antioxidants. Siamese neem tree leaf extracts were found to interact with α-tocopherol in peroxidising liposomes, resulting in synergistic effects.     

Book reviews

Urban Planning in a Multicultural Society

Michael A. Burayidi (ed.) Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2000 ISBN 0275961257 (hardback) 280 pp.; index RRP $123.85

The Community Planning Handbook: How People Can Shape Their Cities, Towns and Villages

Nick Wates (ed.) Earthscan, London, 2000 ISBN 1853836540 (paperback) 230 pp. RRP $42.85

City Against Suburb: The Culture Wars in an American Metropolis

Joseph A. Rodriguez Praeger, Westport, Conn., 1999 ISBN 027596406X (hardback) 144 pp.; bibliographic essay RRP $96.97

Community Development in the Market Economy

Jeremy McArdle Vista, Melbourne, 1999 ISBN 0958649677 (paperback) 117 pp.; bibliography RRP $16.50

Ethnicity and Housing: Accommodating Difference

Frederick W. Boal (ed.) Ashgate, Aldershot, 2000 ISBN 1859725961 (hardcover) 318 pp.; bibliography and index RRP $101.08

Computer‐Aided Policymaking: Lessons from Strategic Planning Software

Ray Wyatt, E. & F. N. Spon, London, 1999 ISBN 0419244808 (paperback) 244 pp.; bibliography and index RRP $79.95

Making Common Ground: Public‐Private Partnership in Land for Housing.

Geoffrey Payne (ed.). Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 1999. ISBN 1853394793 (paperback). 256 pp.; bibliography and index. RRP $45.86     

Effects of Gelatinization and Gel Storage Conditions on the Formation of Canna Resistant Starch

The effects of gelatinization and gel storage conditions on the formation of canna resistant starch (RS) were investigated. Starch slurries (10%, dwb) were autoclaved at 121?°C for 30, 60, and 120?min. The gels obtained were subsequently stored at different temperatures (4?°C, 30?°C, and 100?°C) and times (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7?days). Analyses of the RS content in gelatinized starch samples in comparison with that in granular starch showed that the RS fraction in granular starch was very high (97.3% w/w); however, nearly all of the RS was thermally unstable, as indicated by a great reduction in RS content (to 1.9% w/w) after cooking at 100?°C for 20?min. The RS contents in gelatinized starch samples were 12.0?C15.9% w/w, which were reduced to 7.9?C10.8% w/w after cooking. Storage of gels resulted in a significant increase in the amount of the thermally stable RS fraction, e.g., a thermally stable RS content of 16.8% w/w was found in the gel sample gelatinized for 120?min and stored at 4?°C for 3?days. This indicated that the ordered structures of the RS portion were tightened under the storage conditions. The gelatinization temperature of canna starch was 72.2?°C, whereas the RS products exhibited two melting temperature ranges, 51.1?C76.3?°C and 163.1?C165.1?°C, indicating that the newly formed crystals were very strong.     

Study of strontium ferrites substituted by lanthanum on the structural and magnetic properties

M-type strontium ferrites, Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe₁₂O₁₉ have been synthesized by conventional ceramic process. The effects of lanthanum addition and sintering temperature on microstructures and magnetic properties of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe₁₂O₁₉ samples were investigated. Microstructural analysis of the SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe₁₂O₁₉ specimens, sintered at different temperatures revealed that average grain sizes of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ ferrites were larger than that of Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe₁₂O₁₉ ferrite and increased with increasing sintering temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the strontium hexagonal ferrite phase of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe₁₂O₁₉ compounds. A maximum coercivity value of 4850 Oe and maximum saturation magnetization value of 102 emu/g were obtained for the SrFe₁₂O₁₉ ferrite sintered at 1150 °C and for the SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe₁₂O₁₉ ferrites sintered at 1300 °C, respectively. The remanence (Mr) of Sr_0.8La_0.2Fe₁₂O₁₉ sample sintered at 1200 °C possesses the maximum value of 60 emu/g.     

Glycerol-enhancing heat-moisture treatment of A-type rice and cassava starches and B-type potato and canna starches

Effects of glycerol on the heat-moisture treatment (HMT) of A-type rice and cassava starches and B-type potato and canna starches were investigated. Starch samples were soaked in water or glycerol solution, adjusted to 25% moisture, and then subjected to HMT at 100 °C for 1, 6, and 16 h. Pasting profiles of all four starches plasticised with water clearly showed the B-type potato and canna starches were more susceptible to HMT than the A-type rice and cassava starches. The effect of HMT on the pasting properties of glycerol-plasticised samples was inconclusive; the B-type canna and A-type cassava starches were altered, but not the B-type potato and A-type rice starches, which remained comparable to the water-plasticised samples. Thus, the type of plasticiser as well as the environment surrounding the crystalline region, which is specific to each starch type, also affect the alteration of starch during HMT.     

Fabrication of Lead Zirconate Titanate Powder Using Ultrasonic Ball Milling Technique

In this research, the ultrasonic ball milling technique has been used to fabricate lead zirconate titanate （PZT） ceramics. PZT with the composition nearly the morphotropic phase boundary （MPB） ： Pb（Zr0.52 Ti0.48 ）03 was studied. The effect of milling time on phase formation of sample powder was examined by X-ray diffraction technique （XRD）. Moreover, the physical, dielectric, piezoelectric properties and microstructure of PZT ceramics were investigated. The present results reveal that the ultrasonic ball milling technique results the homogeneous and small size of PZT powder. Furthermore, there is a significantly change occurs in the size of the particles with the short time of milling process.     

Enrichment of rice noodles with fibre‐rich fractions derived from cassava pulp and pomelo peel

Cassava pulp and pomelo peel were evaluated for their potential as sources of dietary fibre in dried rice noodles. Noodles containing cassava pulp (1–20%) and pomelo peel (1–10%) had significantly higher cooking weight (136–166%) than the control sample (125%). Elongation of noodles containing cassava pulp (61–86%) was significantly higher than that of the control (56%) and noodles containing pomelo peel (29–49%). Total dietary fibre (TDF) content of noodles made from rice flour was 3.0%, and increased to 7.0% and 10.2% after adding 20% of cassava pulp and 10% of pomelo peel, respectively. A combination of cassava pulp and pomelo peel at a total amount of 20% resulted in an obvious increase in cooking weight, whereas tensile stress and elongation of noodles were comparable to those of the control noodle. The highest TDF content obtained was 14.4%.     

An attempt to define the sodium requirement of lactating dairy cows in a tropical environment

BACKGROUND: Lactating dairy cattle in the tropics may require more sodium (Na) owing to the hot and humid climatic conditions. It is unknown whether the current recommendations on Na for lactating cows can be quantitatively used in tropical countries. This study attempted to define the Na requirement of lactating dairy cows under tropical conditions by measuring Na levels in saliva, milk and faeces. RESULTS: The concentrations of Na and potassium (K) in milk, faeces and serum were not affected by dietary treatments. The amount of Na absorbed by cows fed the basal (low‐Na) diet containing 0.4 g Na kg^?1 dry matter (DM) was equal to the amount of Na lost in the milk, showing that these animals were fed an Na‐deficient ration. This observation was corroborated by salivary Na and K levels, with the cows on the low‐Na diet having salivary Na concentrations below 120 mmol L^?1 in combination with salivary K concentrations above 20 mmol L^?1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Consumption of a daily ration formulated to contain the current Na requirement set by the NRC appears to provide too much Na for lactating cows under tropical conditions. A tentative value of 1.2 g kg^?1 DM is proposed as the Na requirement for dairy cows under tropical conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry