贵州遵义—铜仁地区优势矿产尾矿(渣)资源现状及应用潜力

尾矿(渣)作为一种潜在的二次资源,具有很好的综合利用前景。通过对遵义-铜仁地区钼镍矿、锰矿、铝土矿等尾矿(渣)的规模、分布、土地占用类型等进行摸底调查,结果发现,电解锰渣和赤泥规模较大,尾矿中存在可以提取的有价金属元素,对于电解锰渣,应重点提取可溶性锰;对赤泥中Ti、Fe、Sc、Li、Nb、Ga、V及REE等,应寻求经济、适用的提取工艺,力争实现赤泥回收工业化。同时,尾矿作为大规模的建材原料使用,是最为安全的安置方法和综合利用途径。     

Rare earth element geochemistry of Cambrian phosphorites from the Yangtze Region

Analysis on P2O5 and REE (rare earth elements) in basal Cambrian phosphorites from the Yangtze Region, showed that the phosphorites from Bailongtan in Yunnan Province, Zhijin, Jinsha, Xishui, Zunyi, Tianzhu and Tongren in Guizhou Province, Shangrao in Jiangxi Province, Jiangshan in Zhejiang Province and Nanjing in Jiangsu Province contained high REE contents in phosphorites, especially those from Tianzhu and Tongren in Guizhou Province, Shangrao in Jiangxi Province, Jiangshan in Zhejiang Province and Nanjing in Jiangsu Province. Among them, the highest REE contents reached up to 1361.59×10-6 and P2O5 contents up to 29.45%. In contrast, phosphorites from Kaiyang, Qingzhen and Zhenyuan in Guizhou Province had relatively low total REE contents and low P2O5 contents, with the lowest total REE content of 53.19×10-6, and the lowest P2O5 content of 0.07%. REE contents exhibited a positive correlation with phosphorous contents, indicating a close genetic relationship between REE and phosphorous element. The main reason was the difference of the sedimentary environments and the contents of phosphorous and REE in deep water mass formed in upwelling currents, at an upper slope facies (Slu) in reducing condition due to relatively closed sedimentary environment. It was very difficult for the upswelling phosphorous and REE to deposit, massive phosphorous deposits were hard to be formed. At a deep water ramp facies (DRa) in the ascending process of currents, phosphorus and REE underwent differentiation rather than sedimentation. Consequently, the contents of P2O5 sediments and REE were low. At a shallow water ramp facies (including shoals and tidal flats) (SRa), with active seawater circulation and phosphatic supplement, sunny weather, high nutrition and rapid growth of algae, were benefitial for the physical enrichment of carbonate sediments. Therefore, massive phosphorite deposits were easy to be formed with abundant REE minerals, and finally turned into high REE bearing phosphorous deposits.     

A new type of rare earth elements deposit in weathering crust of Permian basalt in western Guizhou, NW China

A new type of rare earth elements （REEs） deposit was discovered from the gaolinite mudstone in the weathering crust of Permian basalt, Bijie region, western Guizhou, China. It contained ∑RE2O3 0.065%-1.086%. This type of REEs deposit was widely distributed with steady horizon and thickness of 3-4 m. The ore-bearing weathering crust （kaolinite） of the three discovered REEs deposits belonged to the third episode of the Emeishan basalt eruption. The new type of REEs deposit was suggested that basalt （tuff） weathering could lead to the enrichment of the rare earth elements. Therefore, it is of important economic significance to explore REEs deposits in the weathering crust of basalt （tuffs） in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan Provinces.     

贵州织金牛场向斜煤层气资源分布特征

织纳煤田是贵州重要的煤炭基地,煤炭资源量高达2.22×10¹⁰t,煤层变质程度高,以无烟煤为主,煤层气资源量为1.6×10¹²m³。基于保存较为完整的织金牛场向斜区域地质特征分析,剖析了煤层组成、煤层气含量及煤层气成分等分布差异,对主要煤层M13、M15、M21、M29、M32及M34的煤层特征、瓦斯含量及组成、煤层气资源量等进行估算,获得可采煤层的煤层气资源量为18.39×10⁸m³,并认为向斜轴部含气量高于翼部。
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贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿区选矿尾矿中重金属元素分布特征研究

在检测贵州都匀牛角塘铅锌矿区尾矿中铅、锌、砷、锑、铊、铬、铜、锰、镍、镉和汞含量的基础上,以贵州省A层土壤背景值为参比,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染评价法、地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法对矿区尾矿中重金属污染状况进行综合评价。结果表明,矿区6个堆场尾矿突出污染元素为镉、锌,永胜堆场尾矿中突出污染元素为汞、砷、锑。矿区6个堆场尾矿原矿石主要来源于矿区铅锌矿,永胜堆场尾矿的原矿石主要来源于丹寨、独山、榕江一带的汞矿和锑矿。相关性分析说明了尾矿中重金属元素的来源,尾矿金属元素资源再利用意义不大,且潜在环境问题突出。四种方法评价结果一致,均反映矿区尾矿突出污染元素为镉、锌,永胜堆场尾矿突出污染元素为汞、砷、锑。各堆场的综合生态危害指数大小顺序为永胜>陈工>垠垠>山佳>水牛石>狮子洞>振霖,永胜堆场重金属潜在环境污染问题最严重,应当引起环保部门的重视。